Oil Shale Deposits of Jordan “Genesis and Mode of Occurrences through Petroleum Geochemical Signatures” By Geologist Hazem Ramini Head of Policies & Contracts Division Petroleum Directorate & Oil Shale Technical Committee Member The Natural Resources Authority of Jordan hhhh rrrr aaaa mmmm iiii nnnn iiii nnnn rrrr aaaa.... gggg oooo vvvv.... jjjj oooo

Presentation Outlines: Introduction Jordan’s Oil Shale Source Rock Definition Organic Matter Type Geochemical Parameters: “Total Organic Carbon “TOC”, Rock-Eval Pyrolysis Data Analysis, Gas Chromatography “GC”, and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry “GCMS”. Visual Kerogen Assessment “Vitrinite Reflectance “Ro%”, Kerogen Typing and Thermal alteration Index “TAI”.

Geology & Tectonics

Structural X-Sections

Source Rock Definition: Source Rocks are organic rich sediments that may have been deposited in a variety of environments including deep water marine, lacustrine, and deltaic. Oil Shale is regarded as an immature source rock on structure due to its high capability to generate hydrocarbons if its buried deeper. Little or no oil has been expelled.

Oil Content (wt%) of El Lajjun Area – Central Jordan –

Oil Content (wt%) of Sultani & Al Hasa Areas – Central Jordan –

Geothermal Gradient Map of Jordan

SEM, Transmitted & Reflected Light Microscopy

Electric Log Signature of the Organic Rich Oil shale Horizons

Hydrogen Index “HI” vs T max of Jordan’s Oil Shale

Pyrolysis Yield vs TOC of Jordan’s Oil Shale

Total Extracts vs TOC of Jordan’s Oil Shale

Pr/nC17 vs Ph/nC18 of Jordan’s Oil Shale Deposits

Pr/Ph vs of Oil Shale Extracts “Saturate Fraction”

Depositional Model of Jordan’s Oil Shale “prior to he deposition of Oil Shale” (Abed & Arori, 2006)

Depositional Model of Jordan’s Oil Shale

Dead Sea Basin No source rock deposits were tested within the basin. Asphalts, Tar Sand, Stains, and Oils were tested by many researchers from all over the world. Petroleum Geochemical Parameters of the Dead Sea Oils & Asphalts strongly support genetic relationship with the bituminous Marly Limestone of Maestrichtian Age “i.e. Oil shale deposits that are deeply buried within the Basin”.

GC and GCMS (m/z 191 & 217) Traces of the Oil, Asphalt, and Tar Sand of the Dead Sea Area

Thank You & We Hope to See You All in Jordan