Engineering in the New Era Chris Tam EMAS AMC EMAS 20 th Anniversary Conference 8 November November 2012

According to The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language en·gi·neer·ing (nj-nîrng) n. 1.a. The application of scientific and mathematical principles to practical ends such as the design, manufacture, and operation of efficient and economical structures, machines, processes, and systems. 1.b. The profession of or the work performed by an engineer. 2. Skillful maneuvering or direction: geopolitical engineering; social engineering.

According to Oxford Dictionaries (American English) engineering Pronunciation: / ˌ enjə ˈ ni(ə)riNG/ noun the branch of science and technology concerned with the design, building, and use of engines, machines, and structures. 1.the work done by, or the occupation of, an engineer. 2.the action of working artfully to bring something about:if not for Keegan’s shrewd engineering, the election would have been lost

According to the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET): ENGINEERING is the profession in which a knowledge of the mathematical and natural sciences gained by study, experience, and practice is applied with judgment to develop ways to utilize economically the materials and forces of nature for the benefit of mankind. ABET is a non-profit and non-governmental accrediting agency for academic programs in the disciplines of applied science, computing, engineering, and engineering technology. ABET is a recognized accreditor in the United States (U.S.) by the Council for Higher Education Accreditation.

40 years ago, in 1972 US$2500 US$400 US$?????

Offshore Engineering in the eighties Shallow to medium water depths Mostly linear systems Closed form solutions Small scale or full scale testing Allowable stress based design Offshore research programs in Europe and Americas Capabilities in solving complex non- linear problems emerging

20 years ago, in 1992

Engineering in the new Millennium Increasing water depth with HP/HT systems Limit state design Increased use of FPS and Dynamic Risers Significant advancement in numerical analysis methods Ability to solve large & complex engineering problems quickly Lack of suitably qualified engineering personnel – industry has to do more with less!

Now, in 2012

Offshore Development Trend - increasing water depth over time

Water Depths for USGOM Subsea Projects

Progression of Subsea Pipeline Wall Thickness Design through time Timoshenko and Gere, “Theory of Elastic Stability”, McGraw Hill, 2nd Ed., m water depth Design mostly governed by pressure containment m water depth Design governed by pressure containment and hydraulic collapse Institute of Petroleum, “Pipeline Safety Code”, A Wiley Heyden Publication, 4th Ed., m water depth Design mostly governed by hydraulic collapse Oman India Pipeline: Development of Design Methods for Hydrostatic Collapse in Deep Water, Christophe Tam, Phillip Raven, Roy Robinson, Tom Stensgaard, A.M. Al-Sharif & Robert Preston, Offshore Pipeline Technology Conference (OPT’96),Amsterdam, February 1996

20 years from now

Where are we heading? Information overflow ? Too much data ? Are Engineers better equipped now to deal with the technical challenges? With the advance of numerical procedures, are model or full scale testing “history”? How do we continue to do more with less? How do we groom the next generation of engineers?

The Solutions?! People –People – the industry has significant people issue – capabilities, experience, retirement. People focus is paramount to our success. Processes –Processes – standardization, modernization, improved efficiency & consistency, …, will enable uniform execution and safe delivery (of projects) Tools –Tools – need to push forefront of technology, utilizing latest tools to enhance accuracy, consistency and efficiency.

Thank you! Happy 20 th Anniversary to EMAS