NATIONAL SECURITY The first and most important obligation of government... Not just the safety and security of the country and its citizens... [but also] guarding national values and interests against both internal and external dangers... Not just freedom from undue fear of attack against their person, community or sources of their prosperity and sovereignty, but also the preservation of political, economic and social values – the rule of law, democracy, human rights, a market economy and the environment... - International Working Group on National Security 2009

NATIONAL SECURITY STRATEGY  Do we mean POLICY or STRATEGY?  Does South Africa have a NS policy or strategy?  What are the building blocks of a NS policy/ strategy?

BUILDING BLOCKS  CONSTITUTION  National values - Human dignity, equality, human rights -Non racism and non-sexism -Rule of law -Democracy and good governance 

BUILDING BLOCKS  CONSTITUTION  Principles governing national security include -To live as equals, in peace and harmony, to be free from fear and want -In compliance with the law, including international law -Subject to the authority of parliament and the executive

BUILDING BLOCKS  WHITE PAPER ON DEFENCE AND DEFENCE REVIEW ‘In the new South Africa national security is no longer viewed as a predominantly military and police problem. It has been broadened to incorporate political, economic, social and environmental matters. At the heart of the new approach is a paramount concern with the security of people.’ South African White Paper on Defence,

BUILDING BLOCKS  FOREIGN POLICY (White Paper?) – human rights-based  INTELLIGENCE POLICY AND LEGISLATION – human security and state security  POLICING POLICY AND LEGISLATION – White Paper and National Crime Prevention Strategy  WHITE PAPER ON SA’S PARTICIPATION IN PEACE MISSIONS

POLICY HIERARCHIES  National values, development policy  National security policy /strategy  Foreign policy  Defence policy  Safety and security policy  Intelligence policy  Military and policing policies

SECURITY CONCEPT FOR THE 21 ST CENTURY INTERNATIONAL STATE SOCIETAL HUMAN SECURITY POLITICAL SOCIAL ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENTAL MILITARY SECTORS

‘SECURITIZATION’ Spectrum of public issues Non-politicised (not an issue for the state) Politicised (public policy issue requiring government decision) Securitized (extraordinary actions, emergency measures, ‘existential threat’, extreme vulnerability and imminent danger, crisis ) - Buzan, Waever & de Wilde 1998: 23-24

BORDER CONTROL  Commitment to human rights and human security  Regional collective security and SADC protocol on facilitation of movement of persons  International law including refugee convention  Negative effects of illegal migration including crime, competition for services, xenophobia  Security, including border control, is the responsibility of a wide range of government departments and other actors  Borders and migration need to be managed in the context of national security policy and strategy, based on national interests and values