FC.53 EARLY CHINA AND THE PATTERN OF ITS HISTORY(c B.C.E.) Prosperous soc. until neglectful emp’s take over  Corruption, High taxes & loss of peasant landsArmy is neglected & Great Wall not maintained Energetic new dynasty, often semi-civilized nomads, takes over & revives China Lower taxes, redistribute land to peasants & restore irrigation & flood control Restore govt. & civil service exam system Restore army & the Great Wall Shang Dyn. (c B.C.E.)  Sev. developments in Ch. civ. Combining priestly & polit. roles  No separate priest class Ideographic writing  Chinese Civ. spreads across E. Asia Peasant revolts Raids & invasionsCentral government steadily weakens Mandate of Heaven justifies good dyn’s & rev. vs. bad dyn’s Hydraulic civ. evolves in Huang He River Valley after 2000 B.C.E. Mts., jungles, steppe, & ocean isolate China  Feels it is unique & superior “Middle Kgd” Irregular & massive floods  Major irrig. & flood control projects  Strong central govt. Most fertile land is in E. 1/3 of China  Pop. concentrated in E. River valleys Mandate of Heaven justifies good dyn’s & rev. vs. bad dyn’s RECURRING CYCLE OF CHINESE HISTORY Intellectual ferment due to changes in Ch. soc.  2 new philosophies Confucianism: Harmony in soc. requires strictly defined relationships based on rigid hierarchy Taoism: Harmony in life requires natural balance & flow b/w passive/female Yin & active/male Yang RECURRING CYCLE OF CHINESE HISTORY Heavy infl. on civil serv. exam system & soc. Heavy infl. on Ch. medicine & art (esp. landscapes) Confucianism & Taoism along w/ Buddhism complement each other & provide balance to Ch. civ. Silk textiles, carved jade & highly developed bronze N. Nomads est. Zhou dyn. (1028 B.C.E.)  Follow cycle of Ch. history  “Age of Warring States” ( B.C.E.) (FC.54)

A FC.53 CHINA FROM THE SHANG DYNASTY TO CONFUCIUS (c B.C.E.) Mts., jungles, steppe, & ocean isolate China  Feels it is unique & superior “Middle Kgd” Irreg. & massive floods  Major irrig. & flood control projects  Strong central govt. Most fertile land is in E. 1/3 of China  Pop. concentrated in E. River valleys

Baskets of rice seeds await their initial planting as workers prepare a muddy field in the South during February.

Preparing a rice paddy for transplanting the rice shoots.

Women transplant the rice shoots in neat rows in a rice paddy some 25 days after their initial planting.

A rice paddy on the tropical island of Hainan of the southern coast of China.

A FC.53 CHINA FROM THE SHANG DYNASTY TO CONFUCIUS (c B.C.E.) Mts., jungles, steppe, & ocean isolate China  Feels it is unique & superior “Middle Kgd” Irreg. & massive floods  Major irrig. & flood control projects  Strong central govt. Most fertile land is in E. 1/3 of China  Pop. concentrated in E. River valleys

A gorge cut by the Yangtze River

Mountains along the southern coast of China

China’s northeastern frontier near the North Korean border

A bamboo forest in eastern China

The tempestuous sea pounds against China’s rocky coast.

Sand dunes overlook sheep grazing in the western province of Gansu

A FC.53 CHINA FROM THE SHANG DYNASTY TO CONFUCIUS (c B.C.E.) Mts., jungles, steppe, & ocean isolate China  Feels it is unique & superior “Middle Kgd” Irreg. & massive floods  Major irrig. & flood control projects  Strong central govt. Most fertile land is in E. 1/3 of China  Pop. concentrated in E. River valleys

Terraced hillsides overlook the Yellow River, which has flooded some 1500 times in Chinese history.

A FC.53 CHINA FROM THE SHANG DYNASTY TO CONFUCIUS (c B.C.E.) Hydraulic civ. evolves in Huang He River Valley after 2000 B.C.E. Mts., jungles, steppe, & ocean isolate China  Feels it is unique & superior “Middle Kgd” Irreg. & massive floods  Major irrig. & flood control projects  Strong central govt. Most fertile land is in E. 1/3 of China  Pop. concentrated in E. River valleys

A FC.53 CHINA FROM THE SHANG DYNASTY TO CONFUCIUS (c B.C.E.) Shang Dyn. (c B.C.E.)  Sev. developments in Ch. Civ. Ideographic writing  Chinese Civ. spreads across E. Asia Silk textiles, carved jade & highly developed bronze Hydraulic civ. evolves in Huang He River Valley after 2000 B.C.E. Mts., jungles, steppe, & ocean isolate China  Feels it is unique & superior “Middle Kgd” Irreg. & massive floods  Major irrig. & flood control projects  Strong central govt. Most fertile land is in E. 1/3 of China  Pop. concentrated in E. River valleys

A FC.53 CHINA FROM THE SHANG DYNASTY TO CONFUCIUS (c B.C.E.) Shang Dyn. (c B.C.E.)  Sev. developments in Ch. Civ. Ideographic writing  Chinese Civ. spreads across E. Asia Silk textiles, carved jade & highly developed bronze Hydraulic civ. evolves in Huang He River Valley after 2000 B.C.E. Mts., jungles, steppe, & ocean isolate China  Feels it is unique & superior “Middle Kgd” Irreg. & massive floods  Major irrig. & flood control projects  Strong central govt. Most fertile land is in E. 1/3 of China  Pop. concentrated in E. River valleys

A FC.53 CHINA FROM THE SHANG DYNASTY TO CONFUCIUS (c B.C.E.) Shang Dyn. (c B.C.E.)  Sev. developments in Ch. Civ. Ideographic writing  Chinese Civ. spreads across E. Asia Silk textiles, carved jade & highly developed bronze Hydraulic civ. evolves in Huang He River Valley after 2000 B.C.E. Mts., jungles, steppe, & ocean isolate China  Feels it is unique & superior “Middle Kgd” Irreg. & massive floods  Major irrig. & flood control projects  Strong central govt. Most fertile land is in E. 1/3 of China  Pop. concentrated in E. River valleys

A FC.53 CHINA FROM THE SHANG DYNASTY TO CONFUCIUS (c B.C.E.) Shang Dyn. (c B.C.E.)  Sev. developments in Ch. Civ. Ideographic writing  Chinese Civ. spreads across E. Asia Silk textiles, carved jade & highly developed bronze Mandate of Heaven justifies good dyn’s & rev. vs. bad dyn’s Hydraulic civ. evolves in Huang He River Valley after 2000 B.C.E. Mts., jungles, steppe, & ocean isolate China  Feels it is unique & superior “Middle Kgd” Irreg. & massive floods  Major irrig. & flood control projects  Strong central govt. Most fertile land is in E. 1/3 of China  Pop. concentrated in E. River valleys Mandate of Heaven justifies good dyn’s & rev. vs. bad dyn’s

A FC.53 CHINA FROM THE SHANG DYNASTY TO CONFUCIUS (c B.C.E.) Prosperous soc. until neglectful emp’s take over  Corruption, High taxes & loss of peasant landsArmy is neglected & Great Wall not maintained Energetic new dynasty, often semi-civilized nomads, takes over revives China Lower taxes, redistribute land to peasants & restore irrigation & flood control Restore govt. & civil service exam system Restore army & the Great Wall Shang Dyn. (c B.C.E.)  Sev. developments in Ch. Civ. Ideographic writing  Chinese Civ. spreads across E. Asia Silk textiles, carved jade & highly developed bronze Peasant revolts Raids & invasionsCentral government steadily weakens Mandate of Heaven justifies good dyn’s & rev. vs. bad dyn’s Hydraulic civ. evolves in Huang He River Valley after 2000 B.C.E. Mts., jungles, steppe, & ocean isolate China  Feels it is unique & superior “Middle Kgd” Irreg. & massive floods  Major irrig. & flood control projects  Strong central govt. Most fertile land is in E. 1/3 of China  Pop. concentrated in E. River valleys Mandate of Heaven justifies good dyn’s & rev. vs. bad dyn’s RECURRING CYCLE OF CHINESE HISTORY

A FC.53 CHINA FROM THE SHANG DYNASTY TO CONFUCIUS (c B.C.E.) Prosperous soc. until neglectful emp’s take over  Corruption, High taxes & loss of peasant landsArmy is neglected & Great Wall not maintained Energetic new dynasty, often semi-civilized nomads, takes over revives China Lower taxes, redistribute land to peasants & restore irrigation & flood control Restore govt. & civil service exam system Restore army & the Great Wall Shang Dyn. (c B.C.E.)  Sev. developments in Ch. Civ. Ideographic writing  Chinese Civ. spreads across E. Asia Silk textiles, carved jade & highly developed bronze Peasant revolts Raids & invasionsCentral government steadily weakens Mandate of Heaven justifies good dyn’s & rev. vs. bad dyn’s Hydraulic civ. evolves in Huang He River Valley after 2000 B.C.E. Mts., jungles, steppe, & ocean isolate China  Feels it is unique & superior “Middle Kgd” Irreg. & massive floods  Major irrig. & flood control projects  Strong central govt. Most fertile land is in E. 1/3 of China  Pop. concentrated in E. River valleys Mandate of Heaven justifies good dyn’s & rev. vs. bad dyn’s N. Nomads est. Zhou dyn. ( B.C.E.)  Follows cycle of Chin. history  “Age of Warring States” ( B.C.E.) RECURRING CYCLE OF CHINESE HISTORY

A FC.53 CHINA FROM THE SHANG DYNASTY TO CONFUCIUS (c B.C.E.) Prosperous soc. until neglectful emp’s take over  Corruption, High taxes & loss of peasant landsArmy is neglected & Great Wall not maintained Energetic new dynasty, often semi-civilized nomads, takes over revives China Lower taxes, redistribute land to peasants & restore irrigation & flood control Restore govt. & civil service exam system Restore army & the Great Wall Shang Dyn. (c B.C.E.)  Sev. developments in Ch. Civ. Ideographic writing  Chinese Civ. spreads across E. Asia Silk textiles, carved jade & highly developed bronze Peasant revolts Raids & invasionsCentral government steadily weakens Mandate of Heaven justifies good dyn’s & rev. vs. bad dyn’s Hydraulic civ. evolves in Huang He River Valley after 2000 B.C.E. Mts., jungles, steppe, & ocean isolate China  Feels it is unique & superior “Middle Kgd” Irreg. & massive floods  Major irrig. & flood control projects  Strong central govt. Most fertile land is in E. 1/3 of China  Pop. concentrated in E. River valleys Mandate of Heaven justifies good dyn’s & rev. vs. bad dyn’s N. Nomads est. Zhou dyn. ( B.C.E.)  Follows cycle of Chin. history  “Age of Warring States” ( B.C.E.) RECURRING CYCLE OF CHINESE HISTORY Intellectual ferment due to changes in Ch. soc.  2 new philosophies Confucianism: Harmony in soc. requires strictly defined relationships based on rigid hierarchy Taoism: Harmony in life requires natural balance & flow b/w passive/female Yin & active/male Yang RECURRING CYCLE OF CHINESE HISTORY

A FC.53 CHINA FROM THE SHANG DYNASTY TO CONFUCIUS (c B.C.E.) Prosperous soc. until neglectful emp’s take over  Corruption, High taxes & loss of peasant landsArmy is neglected & Great Wall not maintained Energetic new dynasty, often semi-civilized nomads, takes over revives China Lower taxes, redistribute land to peasants & restore irrigation & flood control Restore govt. & civil service exam system Restore army & the Great Wall Shang Dyn. (c B.C.E.)  Sev. developments in Ch. Civ. Ideographic writing  Chinese Civ. spreads across E. Asia Silk textiles, carved jade & highly developed bronze Peasant revolts Raids & invasionsCentral government steadily weakens Mandate of Heaven justifies good dyn’s & rev. vs. bad dyn’s Hydraulic civ. evolves in Huang He River Valley after 2000 B.C.E. Mts., jungles, steppe, & ocean isolate China  Feels it is unique & superior “Middle Kgd” Irreg. & massive floods  Major irrig. & flood control projects  Strong central govt. Most fertile land is in E. 1/3 of China  Pop. concentrated in E. River valleys Mandate of Heaven justifies good dyn’s & rev. vs. bad dyn’s N. Nomads est. Zhou dyn. ( B.C.E.)  Follows cycle of Chin. history  “Age of Warring States” ( B.C.E.) RECURRING CYCLE OF CHINESE HISTORY Intellectual ferment due to changes in Ch. soc.  2 new philosophies Confucianism: Harmony in soc. requires strictly defined relationships based on rigid hierarchy Taoism: Harmony in life requires natural balance & flow b/w passive/female Yin & active/male Yang RECURRING CYCLE OF CHINESE HISTORY

Confucianism Based upon duty and 5 Basic Relationships Man is inherently good (or least can be led to goodness) Seek social harmony in this world

A FC.53 CHINA FROM THE SHANG DYNASTY TO CONFUCIUS (c B.C.E.) Prosperous soc. until neglectful emp’s take over  Corruption, High taxes & loss of peasant landsArmy is neglected & Great Wall not maintained Energetic new dynasty, often semi-civilized nomads, takes over revives China Lower taxes, redistribute land to peasants & restore irrigation & flood control Restore govt. & civil service exam system Restore army & the Great Wall Shang Dyn. (c B.C.E.)  Sev. developments in Ch. Civ. Ideographic writing  Chinese Civ. spreads across E. Asia Silk textiles, carved jade & highly developed bronze Peasant revolts Raids & invasionsCentral government steadily weakens Mandate of Heaven justifies good dyn’s & rev. vs. bad dyn’s Hydraulic civ. evolves in Huang He River Valley after 2000 B.C.E. Mts., jungles, steppe, & ocean isolate China  Feels it is unique & superior “Middle Kgd” Irreg. & massive floods  Major irrig. & flood control projects  Strong central govt. Most fertile land is in E. 1/3 of China  Pop. concentrated in E. River valleys Mandate of Heaven justifies good dyn’s & rev. vs. bad dyn’s N. Nomads est. Zhou dyn. ( B.C.E.)  Follows cycle of Chin. history  “Age of Warring States” ( B.C.E.) RECURRING CYCLE OF CHINESE HISTORY Intellectual ferment due to changes in Ch. soc.  2 new philosophies Confucianism: Harmony in soc. requires strictly defined relationships based on rigid hierarchy Taoism: Harmony in life requires natural balance & flow b/w passive/female Yin & active/male Yang RECURRING CYCLE OF CHINESE HISTORY

Daoism – “The Way” The Dao is all All is relative: Yin & Yang Non-action: do nothing to oppose the Dao

“Try not. Do or do not, there is no try.”

Go With The Flow

A FC.53 CHINA FROM THE SHANG DYNASTY TO CONFUCIUS (c B.C.E.) Prosperous soc. until neglectful emp’s take over  Corruption, High taxes & loss of peasant landsArmy is neglected & Great Wall not maintained Energetic new dynasty, often semi-civilized nomads, takes over revives China Lower taxes, redistribute land to peasants & restore irrigation & flood control Restore govt. & civil service exam system Restore army & the Great Wall Shang Dyn. (c B.C.E.)  Sev. developments in Ch. Civ. Ideographic writing  Chinese Civ. spreads across E. Asia Silk textiles, carved jade & highly developed bronze Peasant revolts Raids & invasionsCentral government steadily weakens Mandate of Heaven justifies good dyn’s & rev. vs. bad dyn’s Hydraulic civ. evolves in Huang He River Valley after 2000 B.C.E. Mts., jungles, steppe, & ocean isolate China  Feels it is unique & superior “Middle Kgd” Irreg. & massive floods  Major irrig. & flood control projects  Strong central govt. Most fertile land is in E. 1/3 of China  Pop. concentrated in E. River valleys Mandate of Heaven justifies good dyn’s & rev. vs. bad dyn’s N. Nomads est. Zhou dyn. ( B.C.E.)  Follows cycle of Chin. history  “Age of Warring States” ( B.C.E.) RECURRING CYCLE OF CHINESE HISTORY Intellectual ferment due to changes in Ch. soc.  2 new philosophies Confucianism: Harmony in soc. requires strictly defined relationships based on rigid hierarchy Taoism: Harmony in life requires natural balance & flow b/w passive/female Yin & active/male Yang RECURRING CYCLE OF CHINESE HISTORY Heavy infl. on civil serv. exam system & soc.

A FC.53 CHINA FROM THE SHANG DYNASTY TO CONFUCIUS (c B.C.E.) Prosperous soc. until neglectful emp’s take over  Corruption, High taxes & loss of peasant landsArmy is neglected & Great Wall not maintained Energetic new dynasty, often semi-civilized nomads, takes over revives China Lower taxes, redistribute land to peasants & restore irrigation & flood control Restore govt. & civil service exam system Restore army & the Great Wall Shang Dyn. (c B.C.E.)  Sev. developments in Ch. Civ. Ideographic writing  Chinese Civ. spreads across E. Asia Silk textiles, carved jade & highly developed bronze Peasant revolts Raids & invasionsCentral government steadily weakens Mandate of Heaven justifies good dyn’s & rev. vs. bad dyn’s Hydraulic civ. evolves in Huang He River Valley after 2000 B.C.E. Mts., jungles, steppe, & ocean isolate China  Feels it is unique & superior “Middle Kgd” Irreg. & massive floods  Major irrig. & flood control projects  Strong central govt. Most fertile land is in E. 1/3 of China  Pop. concentrated in E. River valleys Mandate of Heaven justifies good dyn’s & rev. vs. bad dyn’s N. Nomads est. Zhou dyn. ( B.C.E.)  Follows cycle of Chin. history  “Age of Warring States” ( B.C.E.) RECURRING CYCLE OF CHINESE HISTORY Intellectual ferment due to changes in Ch. soc.  2 new philosophies Confucianism: Harmony in soc. requires strictly defined relationships based on rigid hierarchy Taoism: Harmony in life requires natural balance & flow b/w passive/female Yin & active/male Yang RECURRING CYCLE OF CHINESE HISTORY Heavy infl. on civil serv. exam system & soc. Heavy infl. on Ch. medicine & art (esp. landscapes)

A FC.53 CHINA FROM THE SHANG DYNASTY TO CONFUCIUS (c B.C.E.) Prosperous soc. until neglectful emp’s take over  Corruption, High taxes & loss of peasant landsArmy is neglected & Great Wall not maintained Energetic new dynasty, often semi-civilized nomads, takes over revives China Lower taxes, redistribute land to peasants & restore irrigation & flood control Restore govt. & civil service exam system Restore army & the Great Wall Shang Dyn. (c B.C.E.)  Sev. developments in Ch. Civ. Ideographic writing  Chinese Civ. spreads across E. Asia Silk textiles, carved jade & highly developed bronze Peasant revolts Raids & invasionsCentral government steadily weakens Mandate of Heaven justifies good dyn’s & rev. vs. bad dyn’s Hydraulic civ. evolves in Huang He River Valley after 2000 B.C.E. Mts., jungles, steppe, & ocean isolate China  Feels it is unique & superior “Middle Kgd” Irreg. & massive floods  Major irrig. & flood control projects  Strong central govt. Most fertile land is in E. 1/3 of China  Pop. concentrated in E. River valleys Mandate of Heaven justifies good dyn’s & rev. vs. bad dyn’s N. Nomads est. Zhou dyn. ( B.C.E.)  Follows cycle of Chin. history  “Age of Warring States” ( B.C.E.) RECURRING CYCLE OF CHINESE HISTORY Intellectual ferment due to changes in Ch. soc.  2 new philosophies Confucianism: Harmony in soc. requires strictly defined relationships based on rigid hierarchy Taoism: Harmony in life requires natural balance & flow b/w passive/female Yin & active/male Yang RECURRING CYCLE OF CHINESE HISTORY Heavy infl. on civil serv. exam system & soc. Heavy infl. on Ch. medicine & art (esp. landscapes) Confucianism & Taoism along w/ Buddhism complement each other & provide balance to Ch. civ.