GERUND Verb + ing.

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Presentation transcript:

GERUND Verb + ing

Verb + ing form is used: 1) as a noun A - as the subject of a verb • Smoking is bad for you. B - as the object of a verb • I love swimming. C - after prepositions • I like a hot drink before going to bed. •On hearing the news, she fainted. •He passed the exam without doing any work.

hate* = not stand* = not bear* 2) Gerunds are also used after certain verbs. If a verb follows verbs from the list below, the second one is gerund (verb+ing). [ The verbs with an asterisk(*) can also be followed by an infinitive-see page 409.] admit hate* = not stand* = not bear* practise avoid imagine put off begin* intend* quit consider keep (on) recommend continue* like* regret delay love* remember* deny mention start* dislike mind stop* enjoy miss suggest finish postpone try*

3) Gerunds are also used after certain expressions 3) Gerunds are also used after certain expressions. • It isn’t worth losing sleep over. • It’s worth thinking about. • It’s no use/good crying over spilt milk. • There was no point (in) waiting, so we left. • It’s useless sitting here and thinking about it. • It’s no good complaining to him. He won’t help you. • It’s a waste of money going first class. • It’s a waste of time watching TV. • We had difficulty (in) finding a hotel.

4) We use go + gerund for a number of activities, especially sports 4) We use go + gerund for a number of activities, especially sports. BUT: go swimming – go ridding – go skiing – go sailing – go diving go snorkeling – go skating – go jogging – go climbing go – fishing – go sightseeing – go shopping do sports – do exercise – do yoga do aerobics – play basketball/football

5) Be / get used to + gerund - Be used to means be accustomed to 5) Be / get used to + gerund - Be used to means be accustomed to. We use be used to + gerund to talk about a habit formed from experience. • I’m used to getting up early. I’ve been doing it for years.[be used to +gerund] • I’m used to hard work. [be used to + noun phrase] • Jake found the new course difficult. He wasn’t used to styding so hard. - Get used to means become accustomed to. We use get used to + gerund to talk about the process until we are used to something. • When Ann moved to England. It took her a long time to get used to driving on the left-hand side of the road. But now she is used to it. • Our new flat is quite far from my school. I hope I’ll get used to getting up earlier in the morning so I can get there on time.

6) I have got used to (doing) something 6) I have got used to (doing) something. = I am used to (doing) something. Be / get used to can be followed by other noun constructions: • He’s used to the house. [noun] • He’s used to it. [pronoun] • He’s used to the new house that he bought. [noun + relative clause] • You’ll get used to your new job. [noun phrase]

7) BE CAREFUL! Do not confuse be used to + gerund with used to + base form. •I am used to living in a small town. I wouldn’t like to live in a city. [I am accustomed to it.] Compare to: •I used to live in a small town. Now I live in a city. [In the past I lived…] •Are you used to living in a small town?- Yes I am. Compare to: •Did you use to live in a small town?- Yes, I did. REMEMBER: With do / does / did we use the base form use to.