Musical Instruments System for Classification Joy Cecil-Dyrkacz, Faith Donkor, Alexandra Frey, Amanda Glenn- Bradley, Martin Parker, and Ellen Stevens

Introduction Musical Instrument Collection ➔ Defined in Oxford Dictionaries as “an object or device for producing musical sounds” ➔ System created to organize and catalog musical instruments from different museums and institutions Oxford Dictionaries (2013). nt

Established Cataloging & Classification Systems Hornbostel-Sachs System ➔ Developed in 1914 by Erich Mortiz von Hornbostel and Curt Sachs ➔ Similar number classification as Dewey Decimal system ➔ Identifies instruments based on method of vibration resulting in sound transmission: ◆ idiophones - sound produced by vibrating themselves ◆ membranophones - sound produced by a vibrating membrane ◆ chordophones - sound produced by vibrating strings ◆ aerophones - sound produced by columns of air ◆ electrophones - sound produced by electricity (added circa 1970)

Established Cataloging & Classification Systems Musical Instrument Museums Online (MIMO) ➔ Largest open-access database for musical instruments (2011) ➔ Main families: wind, stringed, keyboard and percussion ➔ Identification: title, repository, inscription and description ➔ Classification: object type, classification, keyword and Hornbostel- Sachs class ➔ Events: production, date and place ➔ Digital Resources: type such as image and hyperlinks ➔ Original Record: raw metadata

Our UNCG Museum Classification System Combination of Hornbostel-Sachs and MIMO ➔ Added components of Getty’s Categories for Description of Works of Art (CDWA) as a framework for mapping new and old art information systems in the online environment.

Cataloging & Classifying

Fields of Entry ➔ Hornbostel-Sachs Number/Categorical Description ➔ Name/Title of Object ➔ Order ➔ Creator ➔ Date of Creation ➔ Materials ➔ Clef/Pitch/Range ➔ Size ➔ Inscriptions/Descriptions/Notations ➔ Location ➔ Accession Number

Notes to Remember ➔ Capitalization/Punctuation ➔ Attention to Detail ➔ Annotation

Physical Location ➔ Display ➔ Storage ➔ Care of Materials ➔ Accessibility ➔ Inclusion in Online Catalog

Example Worksheet #1 Hornbostel-Sachs Class: , Aerophone Name/Title of Object:Trumpet, coiled Origin:German, Celle/Tyskland Creator:Otto Steinkoph ( ) Date of Creation: Materials:Brass Clef/Pitch/Range:Treble Clef, F#3 – D6 Size: 33.6 in (85.34 cm), 7 in bell (17.78 cm) Inscriptions/Descriptions/ Notations: N/A Location: UNCG Museum (Greensboro, NC), Famous Makers Collection Accession Number:

Example Worksheet #2 Hornbostel-Sachs Class: , Struck Idiophone Name/Title of Object:Musical Glasses Origin:American, Maryland, Baltimore Creator: Francis Hopkinson Smith ( ) Date of Creation:circa 1830 Materials:Glass, Mahogany case Clef/Pitch/Range:Treble Clef, C4-F5 Size: 36 x 21 x 8 ¼ x 31.6in (91 x 54 x 21 x 79.5cm) Inscriptions/Descriptions/ Notations: N/A Location: UNCG Museum (Greensboro, NC), 19th Century American Music Collection Accession Number:

Example Worksheet #3 Hornbostel-Sachs Class: , Chordophone Name/Title of Object:Piano, Baby Grand, Model S Origin:American, New York, Long Island Creator:Steinway & Sons Date of Creation:2003 Materials: Hard Rock Maple body, Spruce keys, brass pedals Clef/Pitch/Range:Treble Clef and Bass Clef, A0-C8 Size:4.92 x 3.5ft (1.5 x 1.06m) Inscriptions/Descriptions/ Notations: N/A Location: UNCG Museum (Greensboro, NC), Modern American Music Collection Accession Number:

Example Worksheet #4 Hornbostel-Sachs Class:423.1, Aerophone Name/Title of Object:Didgeridoo Origin:American Creator:Schalloch Co. Date of Creation: Materials:Bamboo Clef/Pitch/Range:Treble Clef, F#3 – C6 Size:33.4 in (85 cm) Inscriptions/Descriptions/ Notations: Aboriginal style design painted on body Location: UNCG Museum (Greensboro, NC), Cabinet 1, Row 2A Accession Number:

Example Worksheet #5 Hornbostel-Sachs Class: , Composite Chordophone Name/Title of Object:Violin Origin:Italian, Cremona Creator:Antonio Stradivari ( ) Date of Creation:1693 Materials:Wood, Spruce/Maple Clef/Pitch/Range:Treble Clef, G3-A7 Size:5.3 x 7.4 in (13.4 x 18.8cm) Inscriptions/Descriptions/ Notations: Label inside body reads: Antonius Stradivarius Cremona Faciebat Anno 1693 Location: UNCG Museum (Greensboro, NC), Famous Makers Collection Accession Number:

References Harpring, P. (2013). Categories for the Description of Works Art. Retrieved November 9, 2013 from Hornbostel, E. M. & Sachs, C. (1961). Classification of Musical Instruments: Translated from the Original German by Anthony Baines and Klaus P. Wachsmann. The Galpin Society Journal, 14, Retrieved November 9, 2013 from Kartomi, M. J. (1990). On Concepts and Classifications of Musical Instruments. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Musical Instrument Museums Online Consortium. (2011). Revision of the Hornbostel-Sachs Classification of Musical Instruments by the MIMO Consortium. Retrieved November 9, 2013 from international.com/documents/Hornbostel%20Sachs.pdf Music Dictionary (2013). Hornbostel-Sachs. Retrieved November 9, 2013 from Oxford Dictionaries (2013). Instrument. Retrieved November 9, 2013 from