Building Resilience to Climate Change Bringing conservation into the 21 st century Learn your system’s vulnerability Increase conservation success by redesigning conservation to include climate change

Four tenets: 1) Protect Adequate and Appropriate Space 2) Limit all non-climate stresses 3) Use active adaptive management approaches and start testing strategies 4) Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions

1) Protect adequate and appropriate space for a changing world Malcolm et al. 2001

GRADIENTS and CONNECTIVITY  Migration potential REFUGIA Stability HETEROGENEITY RESTORATION ©WWF

© WWF-Canon / Jürgen FREUND 2) Reduce non-climate stresses on natural systems Unsustainable Harvest Pollution & Habitat Degradation Agriculture & Habitat Fragmentation InvasiveSpecies ©WWF-Canon/ Edward PARKER ©WWF/Kjell-Arne LARSSON

3) Employ active adaptive management approaches and start testing strategies © WWF/ Eric Mielbrecht © WWF-Canon / Jürgen FREUND

Temp. Change Effects on Biodiversity 2 ºC Some species lost Possible management options exist 4 ºC Many species lost Some management options may exist (EXTREMELY EXPENSIVE, Low Likelihood of Success) 6 ºCDire From Parmesan, 2003 Limitations to Resilience Building

4) Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions Resilience will only take us so far. In fact for some systems there may be few resilience building options.