Skeletal System Emily Davis Marina Tome Sam Watkins

Introduction Objective : Students will be able to identify the function and structures of the skeletal system. Distinguish between bones, ligaments, tendons, and cartilage. Describe the development of bones from cartilage and identify the difference between osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Describe the classification of joints by tissue and know the six types of synovial joints and their types of movement. Distinguish between the appendicular and axial skeletons. Finally, identify 23 major bones of the human body and their functions.

Function Five functions of the Skeletal System: –1) Provide points of attachments for muscles –2) Protect and support softer underlying tissues –3) House blood producing cells –4) Store inorganic salts –5) Contain passage ways for blood vessels and nerves SUPPORT

Bones, Ligaments, Tendons, and Cartilage Bones Ligaments (Binds bones to joints) Tendons (Attaches muscle to bone) Cartilage Tissue Type Connective Unique Characteristics Extracellular matrix Bone matrix Haversian Canals Sheet-like cords Collagenous Fibers White fibrous connective tissue 3 types Collagenous fibers Rigid

Long Bone

Bone Cells osteoBlasts osteoClasts Build Bone Crush Bone

Bone Development Diagram

Intramembranous Flat Layers of connective tissue Enlarge into osteoBlasts Deposit boney matrix Spongy bone forms Periosteum Compact bone

Joints by Tissue FibrousCartilaginousSynovial  Found between joints of bones  Immovable  Dense connective tissue  Ex: Skull  Connect through hyaline or fibrocartilage  Limited Movement  Ex: Between Vertebrae  Capsules of ligaments  Synovial membranes and fluid  Covered by hyaline cartilage  Six different types  Ex: Elbow

Synovial Joints

Ball and Socket Two bones, one ball shaped and the other cup shaped, fit into one another  Movements in all planes and rotation  Ex: Shoulder and hip Ball Socket

Condyloid  Curve of one bone articulates with another bone  Variety of movement in different planes, but no rotation  Ex: Joints between metacarpals and phalanges

Gliding  Articulating surfaces are nearly flat or slightly curved  Sliding or twisting  Ex: Joints between various bones of wrists and ankles, sacroiliac

Hinge  Two surfaces, one convex and the other concave, articulate with each other  Flexion and extension  Ex: Elbow and joints of phalanges

Pivot Cylindrical surface of one bone fits into the rings of another bone  Rotation around a central axis  Ex: Axis of neck

Saddle Concave and convex surfaces fit with one another  Variety of movements  Ex: Joints between the carpal and the metacarpals of the thumb

Joint Movement Flexion Extension Dorsiflexion Plantar Flexion Hyperextension Abduction Adduction Rotation Circumduction

Skeletons AppendicularAxial

23 Major Bones of the Human Body

Skull

Vertebral Column

Pectoral Girdle

Thoracic Cage Sternum True Ribs False Ribs Floating Ribs

Pelvic Girdle

Upper Limb

Lower Limb

Bone Diseases Osteoporosis Cancer Paget’s Disease

Questions?

Quick Review How many bones are there in the human body? –206 bones What are the two types of bone cells and what does each do? osteoBlasts -  Build BoneosteoClasts -  Crush Bone What are the three types of vertebrae and how many are there of each? –Cervical (7) Thoracic (12) Lumbar (5) Name all functions of the skeletal system.

Thank You for your attention!!

QUIZ TIME!!

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