Gymnosperms and Angiosperms Monocotyledons and Dicotyledon Plants Gymnosperms and Angiosperms Monocotyledons and Dicotyledon

Terminology In order to be able to identify a plant and put it in the right family, you need to know the terminology to use

Gymnosperms gymnosperm – “naked seed” no true fruits no flowers

ANGIOSPERMS Angiosperm means “covered seed” Have flowers Have fruits with seeds Live everywhere – dominant plants in the world 260,000 species (88% of Plant Kingdom) Angiosperms are the most successful and advanced plants on earth

Monocot vs. dicot Angiosperms are divided into monocots and dicots The first leaves first of a young plant develop and are called as cotyledons (seed leaves) Monocots have one cotyledon (corn, lily, etc). Dicots have two cotyledons (bean, oak, etc).

Comparing monocot vs. dicot plants FEATURE MONOCOTS DICOTS Cotyledons 1 2 Leaf venation parallel broad Root system Fibrous Tap Number of floral parts In 3’s In 4’s or 5’s Vascular bundle position Scattered Arranged in a circle Woody or herbaceous Herbaceous Either

Cotyledons

Monocot and Dicot Leaves Monocots – blade like leaf blade – wrap around the stem – no petiole – have main vascular bundles running parallel along length of leaf Dicots – Have both a leaf blade and a petiole – single midrib (Vascular bundles) with branches

Roots from Seeds Dicots form one primary root Monocots branch to form the fibrous root

Roots Tap Root Have a main central root and may have some lateral branching

Roots Fibrous Have many roots of equal size and a lot of lateral branching Fibrous roots are generally much more diffuse and closer to the surface

Flowers Dicots –have sepals and/or petals in multiples of four or five Monocots – have sepals in multiples of threes

Monocot stem Dicot stem

Monocot stem Dicot stem

Stems Herbaceous stems Lack secondary growth - because plants only live one year/growing season (annuals)

Stems Stems remain soft and flexible Buds lack protective scales (don’t need to survive harsh conditions)

Stems Woody stems Plants living and growing over multiple seasons have secondary growth (xylem, phloem) increasing diameter of the stems

QUIZ These are a type of plant that reproduce by seeds not contained in a flower angiosperms gymnosperms ferns

QUIZ These are a type of plant that reproduce by seeds not contained in a flower angiosperms gymnosperms ferns

QUIZ The flowering plant group which is the biggest in the plant kingdom is A. ferns B. angiosperms C. gymnosperms

QUIZ The flowering plant group which is the biggest in the plant kingdom is A. ferns B. angiosperms C. gymnosperms

QUIZ Angiosperms differ from mosses, ferns and fungi in that they have A. True leaves, stems and roots B. Mycelium C. Fronds

QUIZ Angiosperms differ from mosses, ferns and fungi in that they have A. True leaves, stems and roots B. Mycelium C. Fronds

QUIZ Angiosperms are the most advanced plant group. True False

QUIZ Angiosperms are the most advanced plant group. True False

QUIZ leaf venation Moncot Moncot Dicot

QUIZ stem Dicot Moncot