PowerPoint ® Lecture Slide Presentation by Patty Bostwick-Taylor, Florence-Darlington Technical College Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings PART F 5 The Skeletal System

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Joints  Articulations of bones  Functions of joints  Ways joints are classified

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Functional Classification of Joints  Synarthroses  Amphiarthroses  Diarthroses

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Structural Classification of Joints  Fibrous joints  Cartilaginous joints  Synovial joints

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Summary of Joint Classes [Insert Table 5.3 here] Table 5.3

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Fibrous Joints  Bones united by fibrous tissue

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Fibrous Joints Figure 5.28a–b

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Cartilaginous Joints  Bones connected by cartilage

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Cartilaginous Joints Figure 5.28c–e

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Synovial Joints  Articulating bones are separated by a joint cavity

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Synovial Joints Figure 5.28f–h

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Features of Synovial Joints  Articular cartilage covers the ends of bones  A fibrous articular capsule encloses joint surfaces  A joint cavity is filled with  Ligaments

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Structures Associated with the Synovial Joint  Bursae—flattened fibrous sacs  Tendon sheath

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Synovial Joint Figure 5.29

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Types of Synovial Joints Figure 5.30a–c

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Types of Synovial Joints Figure 5.30d–f

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Inflammatory Conditions Associated with Joints  Bursitis  Tendonitis  Arthritis

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Clinical Forms of Arthritis  Osteoarthritis  Rheumatoid arthritis  An autoimmune disease

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Clinical Forms of Arthritis  Gouty arthritis

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Developmental Aspects of the Skeletal System  At birth, the skull bones are incomplete  Bones are joined by fibrous membranes  Fontanels are completely replaced with bone

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Ossification Centers in a 12-week-old Fetus Figure 5.32

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Skeletal Changes Throughout Life  Fetus  Birth

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Skeletal Changes Throughout Life  Adolescence  Size of cranium in relationship to body  2 years  8 or 9 years  Between ages 6 and 11

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Skeletal Changes Throughout Life Figure 5.33a

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Skeletal Changes Throughout Life Figure 5.33b

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Skeletal Changes Throughout Life  Curvatures of the spine  Primary curvatures  Secondary curvatures  Abnormal spinal curvatures are often congenital

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Skeletal Changes Throughout Life Figure 5.16

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Skeletal Changes Throughout Life  Osteoporosis  Bone-thinning disease afflicting  Disease makes bones fragile and bones can easily fracture  Vertebral collapse results in kyphosis  Estrogen aids in health and normal density of a female skeleton

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Skeletal Changes Throughout Life Figure 5.34

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Skeletal Changes Throughout Life Figure 5.35