Roots Just as important as stems and leaves…. Major Functions:

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Presentation transcript:

Roots Just as important as stems and leaves…. Major Functions: 1. Serve as an anchor 2. Conduct nutrients and water 3. Store food (ex. sweet potatoes, carrots, radish, turnip, beet)

Root Functions

Root Development Primary root develops from the embryo 1. If primary root becomes the main root=Taproot System

Root Development 2. If primary root stops growing early on and new roots grow from the stem, it is a Fibrous Root System

Fibrous vs. Taproot

Root Hairs Grow from epidermal cells of roots Only occur in first ¼ of root tip Only live about 10 days Absorb water and nutrients from soil particles

Function of Root Hairs

Root Hairs

Specialized Roots

Food Storage Roots Most roots store some food Some are enlarged to store starch and other carbohydrates Examples: sweet potato, carrot, beet, radish

Water Storing Roots Produced by plants in arid regions Can be quite large (159 lbs.!) Examples: Manroot

Manroot Grows close to ground: perennial vine Roots can be several meters long and over 100lbs.

Pneumatophores Extend above the surface of water for plants that grow in swampy areas Helps roots exchange gases Example: Mangrove

Mangrove

Aerial Roots Roots that occur above the surface of the soil Examples: prop roots in corn (support in high wind)

Aerial Roots Continued Adventitious roots in ivy for climbing

Poison Ivy

Contractile Roots Help to pull the plant deeper into the soil Occurs from year to year Examples: Lily, Dandelion

Parasitic Roots Peg-like projections penetrate host’s stem Usually in plants that do not contain chlorophyll (can’t make food) Examples: pinedrops, dodder (one organisms benefits, one is harmed)

Pinedrops

Dodder: NO Chlorophyll —Not green!

Buttress Roots Huge roots near base of trunk Usually in trees that grow in shallow soil Rainforest environments Example: many tropical trees

Buttress Roots

Buttress Roots

Dicot Root Tip

Cross Section of Root

Modified Stems/Roots