 More than 600 muscles in our bodies (about 650)  Muscles make up approximately half of the human body’s weight  The human heart will beat about 40 million times a year, and a person's heart will beat approximately 2.5 billion times by the time of their 70th birthday.

 Smooth muscle is found in the walls of hollow organs like your intestines and stomach  are involved in many 'housekeeping' functions of the body for example pushing food through your small intestines and being able to contract your bladder in order for one to urinate  Involuntary muscles (do without thinking)

 These muscles make up the heart  Myocardium is another name for the cardiac muscle  Also involuntary  The heart is controlled by the pacemaker which regulates the blood flow

 Skeletal muscles cover your skeleton, giving your body its shape.  Skeletal muscles are under voluntary control, which means you consciously control what they do.  sometimes called striated muscle because the light and dark parts of the muscle fibers make them look striped

 - Skeletal muscles often work together to perform contrasting movements  - Flexor – muscle that closes a joint  - Extensor – muscle that opens a joint  - a great example is when you bend and straighten your arm at the elbow using your biceps and triceps.

3 Types of Muscle

 Exercise regularly!  Eat foods that are high in protein  Protein – building blocks of muscle  - meats, milk, eggs, yogurt, fish, nuts How do you build strong muscles?

Muscle(s) Worked – My Guess Actual Muscle Worked - Primary Actual Muscle Worked - Secondary Variations? 1. Chair Dips 2. Push ups 3. Lunges 4. Calf Raise 5. Crunches 6. Mule Kick *copy this chart in your notebook! HOME WORKOUT!

 1. Muscle Strain  a. painful stretching or tearing of muscle fibers caused by overexertion  b. to heal, ice for the first 24 hours, then apply heat to the strain Problems of Muscular System

Muscle Strain

 2. Muscle Cramp  a. when a muscle contracts spasmodically and involuntarily  b. may occur from using a muscle for too long  c. to heal, gently stretch muscle and massage the knot Problems of Muscular System

 Your muscles need Glycogen (muscle sugar) in order to function. When the glycogen is broken down into energy for the muscles a waste product called lactic acid is produced. A buildup of lactic acid decreases the muscles’ ability to contract and Muscle Fatigue sets in.  1. Hold a clothespin between your thumb and index finger and see how many times you can squeeze it in one minute. Record  2. Now, without resting, squeeze it as fast as you can for a second minute. Record Muscle Fatigue … Clothespin Calisthenics

 Deltoids  Located in the shoulders, your deltoids are active in lifting a heavy box over your head, or holding your arms out to the side.  Pecs  Short for pectoralis, your pecs are the muscles in your chest. They’re active during a push-up. When teaching kids, we call these the gorilla muscles. Kids like to pound on their chest while yelling “Pecs,” like the call of the wild.  Biceps  These are the muscles in the arms that kids typically go to when asked to flex their muscles. I’ve caught many kids rolling up their sleeves and sizing up their biceps during my classes.  Triceps  The triceps are located on the back of the upper arm. Unlike the biceps, the triceps don’t often get activated in every day life. Therefore, exercises like triceps dips or swimming are necessary to strengthen the triceps.  Abs  Short for abdominals, your stomach area muscles are key to core strength. A fun way to help kids notice their abs is to have them pretend to laugh hard. As they fall back on the floor laughing hysterically, have them feel the muscles on their belly tense up.

 Obliques  The muscles of the abdominal wall do a lot of overlapping and crisscrossing. For the purpose of teaching kids, it’s best to generalize that the obliques are located on the sides of the stomach area. When you bend and twist your torso, you’re activating the obliques.  Gluteus Maximus  Known by many snickering kids as the tushie or heiny muscle, this hefty rear-end muscle group helps you climb stairs and ride a bike.  Quads  Short for quadriceps, these muscles on the front of the thigh get plenty of action in daily life. Every time you stand from a sitting position you’re using your quads. A sure way for kids to feel their quads working is by having them do a wall sit. By holding a sitting position against a wall for 30 seconds or so, they’ll experience the sensation of their quads engaging.  Hamstrings  Located on the back of the thigh, the hamstrings are those muscles you feel when bending over to touch your toes. They’re often very tight, even in children, and in need of regular flexibility exercises. Kids can strengthen the hamstrings by walking backwards.  Calves  This hard-to-pronounce muscle is better known as the calf muscle. Activities like jumping rope, running, in-line skating, and others that require flexion at the ankle will engage the gastrocnemius. This is the perfect muscle in which to stump a grown-up, since its true name is not commonly known.  Lats  Traps

 3. Muscular Dystrophy  a. crippling disease characterized by progressive wasting away of skeletal muscles  b. muscle cells are unable to function properly  c. symptoms – muscle weakness, difficulty standing/walking, frequent falling  d. cannot be cured, but early detection is key as muscle weakening can be delayed Problems of Muscular System

Muscular Dystrophy

 A tendon is a fibrous connective tissue which attaches muscle to bone. A tendon serves to move the bone or structure.  A ligament is a fibrous connective tissue which attaches bone to bone, and usually serves to hold structures together and keep them stable.

 A sprain is a stretch and/or tear of a ligament, the fibrous band of connective tissue that joins the end of one bone with another  A strain is an injury of a muscle and/or tendon. Tendons are fibrous cords of tissue that attach muscles to bone

 Key Facts and Terms  a. Hypertrophy – increase in muscle size due to exercise  b. Atrophy – decrease in muscle size from a lack of use of muscles Muscle Size

 1. More muscle tissue results in a higher metabolism!  2. Metabolism – the rate at which the body converts food to energy  3. If you have a higher metabolism, you are likely to weigh less  4. Thus, the more muscle mass you have, the higher your metabolism, the more fat you will burn!  5. Combine weight training with cardio training (running) to achieve best results Formula for maximum fat burn!

 Sets – grouping of reps for a given workout  Repetitions (reps) - number of consecutive exercises performed for a given workout  At your age the focus is on Muscular Endurance!!!  Low Reps and Heavy Weight  High Reps and Low Weight Muscular Strength vs Muscular Endurance

Muscle Diagram

 DESIGN CIRCUIT CARDS  Draw Picture  Write Description:  Name of exercise and what muscle it should work.  Write how much time (SETS and Reps) you should spend on the exercise  Try to do one card for each muscle learned about. DESIGN CIRCUIT CARDS

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