1 Anatomy & Physiology Skeletal Joints Chapter 6,7, & 8

2 IV.joints; the junction of 2 or more bones A. function: 1. to hold bones together 2. to permit movement between bones a. synarthrosis: no movement b. amphiarthrosis: slight movement c. diarthrosis: free movement B. classification by: 1. function:

3 2. structural a.fibrous joints- connected by fibrous CT, tightly bound to each other, no movement. a)sutures in the skull b)distal tibiofibular joint c)tooth in jaw socket 1) examples:

4 Fibrous Joints

5 b.cartilaginous joints- cartilage joins one bone to another-- little movement 1. symphsis pubis, the joint between pubic bones 2. joint between rib and sternum, costal cartilage 1) examples: 3. Joints between the vertebrae

6 Cartilaginous Joints

7 c.synovial joints- movable, complex structure 1) examples: a) elbow b) knee c) hip

8 2)structure: a)joint capsule b)synovial membrane/fluid c)articular cartilage d)joint cavity e)ligaments

9 synovial membranes synovial fluid / cavity articular cartilage joint capsule ligaments periosteum Joint Cavity

10 3)movements: 1) Gliding 2) Flexion 3) Extension 4) Abduction, 5) Adduction, 6) Rotation, 7) Circumduction, 8) Pronation 9) Supination 10) Protraction 11) Retraction 12) Eversion 13) Inversion 14) Opposition

11 abduction adduction rotation circumduction

12 gliding extension flexion opposition

13 flexion extension flexion extension dorsiflexion plantar flexion

14 pronatation supination protraction retraction eversion inversion elevation depression

15 4)types of: a)plane (gliding) joints b)hinge joints c)pivot joints d)condyloid joints e)saddle joints f)ball and socket joints

16 (f) Ball and socket joint