bellwork What is a joint?

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Presentation transcript:

bellwork What is a joint? Try to list as many joints in the human body as you can.

Joints 11/14/13

Objective SWBAT explain the 3 classifications of joints SWBAT describe the 6 types of synovial joints and give examples of each in the human body

joints Articulations of bones Functions of joints: Allow growth Allow mobility Most commonly classified by structure

Structural classification 1. Fibrous joints – 2. Cartilaginous joints – 3. Synovial joints –

Fibrous joints Bones united by fibrous connective tissue, no movement Examples: Sutures, tibia-fibula

Cartilaginous joints Bones connected by cartilage, little to no movement Examples: pubic symphysis, intervertebral joints

Synovial joints Wide range of motion Articular cartilage covers ends of bones Joint surfaces enclosed by a fibrous capsule Joint cavity filled with synovial fluid Ligaments reinforce the joint

Types of synovial joints based on shape

Types of synovial joints based on shape

Exit Ticket Imagine you are running. List the joints you are using and what type they are.

Plane joint (Gliding joint) The articulating surfaces of plane joints are nearly flat or slightly curved. These joints allow sliding or back-and-forth motion and twisting. Most of the joints in the wrist and ankle, as well as those between the articular processes of vertebrae, belong to this group.

Hinge joints In a hinge joint, the convex surface of one bone fits into the concave surface of another, as in the elbow and the joints of the phalanges. Such a joint resembles the hinge of a door in that it permits movement in one plane only.

Pivot joints In a pivot joint, the cylindrical surface of one bone rotates in a ring formed of bone and a ligament. Movement at such a joint is limited to rotation around a central axis. The joint between the proximal ends of the radius and the ulna, where the head of the radius rotates in a ring formed by the radial notch of the ulna and a ligament, is of this type. Similarly, a pivot joint functions in the neck as the head turns from side to side.

Condyloid joints In a condyloid joint the oval shaped surface of one bone fits into the oval shaped depression of another bone. This is seen in the joints between the metacarpals and phalanges. This type of joint permits a variety of movements in different planes; rotational movement, however, is not possible.

Saddle joints A saddle joint forms between bones whose articulating surfaces have both concave and convex regions. The surface of one bone fits the complementary surface of the other. This physical relationship permits a variety of movements, mainly in two planes, as in the case of the joint between the carpal (trapezium) and the metacarpal of the thumb.

Ball-and-socket joints A ball-and-socket joint consists of a bone with a globular or slightly egg-shaped head that articulates with the cup-shaped cavity of another bone. Such a joint allows a wider range of motion than does any other type, permitting movements in all planes, as well as rotational movement around a central axis. The hip and shoulder have joints of this type.