Chapter 17 Reconstruction and the New South ( )

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Chapter 17 Reconstruction and the New South (1865-1896) Section 3 The South During Reconstruction

Section 3-Polling Question In your opinion, should President Johnson have been removed from office? A. Yes B. No A B

Essential Question In what ways did government in the Southern states change during Reconstruction?

African Americans in Government African American voters played an important role in Reconstruct Contributing to Republican victories in the South Some African Americans were able to win seats as elected officials In South Carolina, African Americans held a majority in the lower house of the legislature In other states, African Americans held important positions, but never in proportion to their numbers

At the National Level 16 African Americans served in the House of Representatives (1869-1880) 2 African Americans served in the Senate (1869-1880) One was Hiram Revels- an ordained minister Revels had recruited African Americans for the Union army He also started a school for freed African Americans in Missouri He also served as chaplain of an African American regiment in Mississippi Revels stayed in Mississippi and was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1870

Blanche K. Bruce The other African American senator Also from Mississippi A former escaped slave Taught in a school for African Americans in Missouri In 1869 he went to Mississippi, entered politics, and was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1874

Scalawags and Carpetbaggers Some Southern whites backed the Republicans Former Confederates called them scalawags (scoundrel or worthless rascal) Some Northern whites moved to the South after the war and supported the Republican party Critics called these Northerners carpetbaggers Some were dishonest, but many were reformers who wanted to help the South Many Southerners accused the Reconstruction governments of corruption

A B C D Southern whites who supported Republicans were called Section 3 Southern whites who supported Republicans were called A. scalawags B. sharecroppers C. carpetbaggers D. freedmen A B C D

Resistance to Reconstruction Most Southerners opposed efforts to expand African Americans’ rights Most white landowners refused to rent land to freed people Store owners refused them credit and employers would not hire them Secret societies, such as the Ku Klux Klan, used fear and violence to deny rights to freed men and women The KKK wore white sheets and hoods

The KKK Klan members killed 1000s of African Americans and their white friends Wounded many more Burned African American homes, schools, and churches Many southerners, especially planters and the Democrats, back the KKK They saw violence as a defense against Republican rule 1870 and 1871- Laws were passed to stop the violence of the Klan But most Southerners refused to testify against those who attacked African Americans and their white supporters

Education During Reconstruction, African Americans created their own schools The Freedmen’s Bureau also helped spread education 1870s- Reconstruction governments created public schools for both races Within a few years about 50% of white children and 40% of African American children in the South were enrolled Northern missionary societies set up academies These academies grew into African American colleges and universities Fisk University in Tennessee and Morehouse College in Georgia Only a few states required that schools be integrated, but the laws were not enforced

Farming Some African Americans purchased land with the help of the Freedmen’s Bank Most were unable to get land The most common form of farmwork for freed people was sharecropping A landowner rented a plot of land to a sharecropper An a crude shack, some seeds, and tools (also maybe a mule) In return, sharecroppers shared a percentage of their crops with the landowners After paying the landowner, sharecroppers often had little left to sell For many, sharecropping was little better than slavery

Section 3 What was the relationship between sharecroppers and landowners? A. Landowners owned sharecroppers. B. Landowners sold small parcels of land to sharecroppers. C. Sharecroppers rented a parcel of land from a landowner. D. Sharecroppers worked the landowner’s land for a small annual salary. A B C D

- During Reconstruction, African American men gained these rights Essential Question In what ways did government in the Southern states change during Reconstruction? -Before the Civil War, only whites could vote or hold office in the South - During Reconstruction, African American men gained these rights -African American voters mostly supported Republicans, helping Radical Republicans take control of Southern state governments -Several African Americans were elected to office

Chapter 17 Section 3 Quiz

African American voters were supporters of the Republican Party. True False

Hiram Revels was a plantation owner. True False

A carpetbagger was a poor person from the South who tried to make money in the North. True False

Many Democrats supported the actions of the Ku Klux Klan. True False

The Freedmen's Bank lent money to help African Americans buy land. True False

Southern whites who supported Republican policy throughout Reconstruction were called carpetbaggers. Republican hostages. scalawags. freedmen.

Northerners who moved to the South and supported the Republicans were called carpetbaggers. Republican hostages. scalawags. freedmen.

One way some Southerners made life difficult for freed African Americans was to keep them from holding government positions. keep them out of schools. refuse to give them work. supply them with diseased food.

voting rights violence cooperation Democratic Party What did Southerners who had the most to gain from the reestablishment of white supremacy see as a defense against Republican rule? voting rights violence cooperation Democratic Party

What did African Americans find to be little better than slavery? integration moving to the North sharecropping land ownership

Participant Scores Participant 1 Participant 2 Participant 3 Participant 1 Participant 2 Participant 3 Participant 4 Participant 5

Team Scores Team 1 Team 2 Team 3 Team 4 Team 5