Major depressive disorder and Bipolar disorder B 歐又齊 B 謝易穎

Major depressive disorder Symptoms and Signs Insomnia (influence 80%)Hypersomnia (influence 15%) Headaches Fatigue

Cause Pressure from work Social factors serotonin transporter (5-HTT) gene serotonin transporter

serotonin norepinephrine dopamine neurotransmitters

Diagnosis Clinical assessment DSM-IV-TR and ICD-10 criteria Subtypes (1) Melancholic Depression (2) Atypical Depression (3) Catatonic Depression (4) Postpartum Depression (5) Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)

Prevention Work Together instead of working on one’s own Join some activities that you love Say no to the negative thoughts Positive thinking

Cure To control the amount of neurotransmitters -TCAs, tricyclic antidepressants -MAOIs, monoamine oxidase inhibitor -SSRIs, selective reuptake inhibitors -norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitors -noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressant

Bipolar disorder 跡象與症狀 concentration problem Mania Hypomanic violent delusions Bipolar disorder 的過程 Manic phaseManic phase ： high self-esteem, increased energy, over talkativeness Depressive phaseDepressive phase ： comes with lowered ability to feel pleasure, loss of motivation, sleep disturbances, and feeling of worthless

Cause Genetic ： genes related to serotonin (SLC6A4 and TPH2), dopamine (DRD4 and SLC6A3) Physiological ： Abnormalities in the structure and/or function of certain brain circuits could underlie bipolar. A general reduction of brain volume and anatomically specific differences in areas such as the prefrontal cortex and the globus pallidus are most commonly found Environmental

Bipolar disorder 藥物治療 Lithium( 鋰鹽 ) Divalproex Sodium(Depakote) Carbamazepine Seroquel Zyprexa

Diagnosis Criteria and subtypes  Bipolar I disorder 、 Bipolar II disorder Cyclothymia 、 Bipolar Disorder NOS Rapid cycling ： is a course specifier that may be applied to any of the above subtypes. Differential diagnosis ： Many mental disorders involve similar symptoms to bipolar disorder. Challenges ： Not easy to beunderstood and recognized

Prognosis Functioning Recovery and recurrence Mortality  1/3 people with bipolar disorder report past attempts of suicide or complete it,and the annual average suicide rate is 0.4%, which is 10 to 20 times that of the general population

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