QUIZ 1.Other than Jews, name 3 minorities who were persecuted by the Nazis. 2.Name 3 methods of persecution used by the Nazis between 1933 and Describe two ways in which the Nuremberg Laws (1935) changed the lives of Jews. 4.Outline 3 facts about Kristallnacht (1938). 5.Sum up the meaning of Social Darwinism in 1-2 sentences. 6.Explain 2 other reasons why the Nazis persecuted minorities/Jews.

Which minorities were persecuted ? Jews Homo- sexuals Alcoholics Disabled Mentally ill Prostitutes Gypsies

Social Darwinism - Master Race v. ‘subhumans’ Creation of a pure Aryan state A burden on the Volk/’socially useless’ Jews to blame for Germany’s problems Why did the Nazis persecute Jews and other minorities?

Applied Darwin’s ‘survival of the fittest’ to races of humansApplied Darwin’s ‘survival of the fittest’ to races of humans Aryans were the strongest race. Jews/minorities would naturally die out anyway.Aryans were the strongest race. Jews/minorities would naturally die out anyway. In order to create an Aryan state, it was necessary to accelerate evolution through selective breeding.In order to create an Aryan state, it was necessary to accelerate evolution through selective breeding. Social Darwinism & Master Race theory Any who couldn’t or wouldn’t work were socially useless – they were not contributing to the Volk.Any who couldn’t or wouldn’t work were socially useless – they were not contributing to the Volk. Such people weren’t only worthless, but expensive, as it cost to care for them.Such people weren’t only worthless, but expensive, as it cost to care for them. Others (eg. homosexuals, prostitutes) were asocial and undesirable. They didn’t fit the Nazi ideal.Others (eg. homosexuals, prostitutes) were asocial and undesirable. They didn’t fit the Nazi ideal. A burden on the Volk Jews fighting in the German army during WW1 had weakened the army, leading to Germany’s defeatJews fighting in the German army during WW1 had weakened the army, leading to Germany’s defeat Greedy Jewish moneylenders had caused both hyperinflation and the Great Depression.Greedy Jewish moneylenders had caused both hyperinflation and the Great Depression. In this way, Jews were conveniently scapegoated.In this way, Jews were conveniently scapegoated. Jews were to blame for G’s problems

QUESTION 1d: Explain why……. (8 marks) One reason why x was…….. For example…….. (explain the reason using detailed knowledge). This caused x because..... (try to explain why your reason led to x happening). One reason why x was…….. For example…….. (explain the reason using detailed knowledge). This caused x because..... (try to explain why your reason led to x happening). One reason why x was…….. For example…….. (explain the reason using detailed knowledge). This caused x because..... (try to explain why your reason led to x happening). One reason why x was…….. For example…….. (explain the reason using detailed knowledge). This caused x because..... (try to explain why your reason led to x happening). To reach an A*, link your two reasons You only need a conclusion if you’re aiming for an A* Another way of reaching an A* on this Q is to write a short conclusion explaining the link between your 2 reasons OR which reason was the most important cause, and why. You only need a conclusion if you’re aiming for an A* 10 mins If you don’t explain how your reasons led to the outcome stated in the question, you won’t get above a C grade on the ‘explain why’ question. Explain why Hitler carried out a policy of persecution of the Jews and other minority groups in the years

Explain why Hitler carried out a policy of persecution of the Jews and other minority groups in the years (8 marks) One reason why there was a policy of persecution was because Hitler believed that Jews were to blame for Germany’s past problems. For example, Hitler said that Jewish soldiers had weakened the Germany army during WW1, leading to Germany’s defeat. Hitler also blamed ‘greedy’ Jewish moneylenders for the hyperinflation of 1923 and the Great Depression. Jews were scapegoated for these problems because Hitler believed that Jews were out to undermine Germany. Therefore, Hitler persecuted them as it was convenient – people wanted someone to blame for Germany’s past problems – and because persecuting them would remove the ‘enemy within’ who were ‘sabotaging’ Germany. Another reason Hitler persecuted the Jews was because of the theory of Social Darwinism. This applied Darwin’s theory of natural selection to races of humans. Hitler saw Aryans as the ‘fittest’ of the species and saw Jews and other minorities as the inferior ‘subhumans’ who would naturally die out in time. Hitler wished to create a pure Aryan state out of Germany. Therefore, Hitler persecuted minorities by sterilising and eventually murdering them because he thought that exterminating Jews, Gypsies and other minorities would give nature a helping hand. This way, Hitler could create an Aryan ‘master race’ more quickly. POINT EVIDENCE/ KNOWLEDGE EXPLANATION – HOW CAUSE LED TO OUTCOME

Methodsof persecution Methods of persecution Sterilisation Law 1933 propaganda Concentration camps (by 1936) Euthanasia (from 1939 onwards) How were minorities persecuted ?

PERSECUTIONpropaganda economic/boycotts legislation violence concentration camps GENOCIDE Measures taken against the Jews: the bigger picture How were Jews persecuted?

PROPAGANDA Anti-Semitic material in every classroom Children taught to hate Jews 1938: Jewish children expelled from German schools ECONOMIC/BOYCOTT 1934: SA boycott Jewish shops and business 1938: Jews have to register their possessions and businesses, making it easier for the state to confiscate them. LEGISLATION 1933: Jews excluded from government jobs 1934: Jews banned from public spaces eg. parks, swimming pools 1935: Nuremburg Laws VIOLENCE 1938: Kristallnacht- Jewish property, shops, homes and businesses destroyed. 100 Jews killed, 20,000 sent to CCs Measures taken against the Jews

Law for the Protection of German Blood & Honour banned marriages/sexual relations between Jews and Aryans.Law for the Protection of German Blood & Honour banned marriages/sexual relations between Jews and Aryans. Reich Citizenship Law made Jews ‘subjects’ rather than citizens. This meant losing the right to vote.Reich Citizenship Law made Jews ‘subjects’ rather than citizens. This meant losing the right to vote. Jews were no longer regarded as German; they didn’t have ‘German blood’Jews were no longer regarded as German; they didn’t have ‘German blood’ Nuremberg Laws 1935 Goebbels organised anti-Jewish demonstrations, involving attacks on shops, businesses, property and synagogues….Kristallnacht means The Night of the Broken GlassGoebbels organised anti-Jewish demonstrations, involving attacks on shops, businesses, property and synagogues….Kristallnacht means The Night of the Broken Glass It was portrayed as a spontaneous act of revenge by GermansIt was portrayed as a spontaneous act of revenge by Germans 100 Jews killed and approx. 20,000 sent to concentration camps as a result. Jews blamed for having provoked the attacks & had to pay for the damage caused.100 Jews killed and approx. 20,000 sent to concentration camps as a result. Jews blamed for having provoked the attacks & had to pay for the damage caused. Kristallnacht 1938

Common mistakes:  Writing about the Final Solution, which happened AFTER 1939 (eg. death camps, Jews being killed/gassed in concentration camps, sterilisation of Jews etc.)  Writing about ghettos – these were not built in Germany (only in countries occupied by the Nazis during WW2). Ghettos are beyond the period AND beyond Germany!

QUESTION 2 TYPE A: Explain how……. (8 marks) CHANGE/IMPACT One way in which x changed was… For example……. (use your knowledge to explain how events led to this change). This changed x because..... (sum up the impact of events on x). One way in which x changed was… For example……. (use your knowledge to explain how events led to this change). This changed x because..... (sum up the impact of events on x). A second way in which x changed was… For example…… (use your knowledge to explain how events led to this change). This changed x because..... (sum up the impact of events on x). A second way in which x changed was… For example…… (use your knowledge to explain how events led to this change). This changed x because..... (sum up the impact of events on x). Explain how the position of Jews in Germany changed in the years 1933–39 Eg. Explain how the position of Jews in Germany changed in the years 1933–39 For this type of question, make sure you focus on ways in which x changed. Eg. One way in which the position of Jews changed is that they were reduced to being aliens in their own country. For example…. (explain using knowledge of Nuremberg Laws). This changed the position of Jews because they were no longer seen as being German. With all 8 markers, aim for 2 points if you can. You can reach up to 6/8 marks (a B grade) with just one, well explained reason. However, to reach a B grade or above don’t focus simply on what happened (eg. Nuremberg Laws), but on how these events showed a change (eg. the impact of the Nuremberg Laws on the position of the Jews). To reach an A*, link the ways in which x changed You only need a conclusion if you’re aiming for an A* Another way of reaching an A* on this Q is to write a short conclusion explaining the link between the 2 ways in which x changed. You only need a conclusion if you’re aiming for an A* 10 mins

One way in which the position of Jews changed was the passing of the Nuremberg Laws in These laws removed rights and citizenship from Jewish people, banned marriage between Jews and Aryans as well as sexual relationships between them. This changed their position because they lost their citizenship, lost the right to vote and were seen as not being German, like they were a completely different race. The other way in which the position of Jews changed was during the Night of the Broken Glass, Kristallnacht, in There was rioting in Germany. Thousands of Jewish shop windows were smashed and thousands of Jews were arrested. This changed their position because the German people had begun to turn against them, taken in by Hitler’s anti-Semitic views. The Jews were persecuted increasingly during the 1930s. In conclusion, both factors contributed to changing the position of Jews during the years The Nuremberg Laws showed the legal alienation of the Jews, whilst Kristallnacht was the last push to show that they really were not welcome in Germany. The 8 mark ‘explain how/change’ question Explain how the position of Jews in Germany changed in the years 1933–39. HOW TO IMPROVE IT It would be better to begin paras with a statement about the type of change experienced by Jews. Eg. Jews were treated as outcasts in society are were not considered to be part of the Volk. It would be better to begin paras with a statement about the type of change experienced by Jews. Eg. Jews were treated as outcasts in society are were not considered to be part of the Volk. Add to end of para 1 – eg. Jews treated as sub- human. Add to end of para 1 – eg. Jews treated as sub- human. Could add further facts about Kristallnacht. Could add further facts about Kristallnacht.