AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS - Constitution The Constitution part 2

Key Economic Issues AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS - Constitution Worthless money printed by states Tariffs states had erected against each other Difficulty of Continental Congress in raising money from the states Regulation of interstate commerce

Madisonian Model AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS - Constitution Keep most of government beyond control of a popular majority... How? Voters  Electoral College  Prez Voters  State Legislatures  Senate Voters  House of Rep

Madisonian Model AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS - Constitution Separation of Powers of government Each entity has some power... Results in shared power Example: - Congress holds power to declare war - President is Commander in Chief

Madisonian Model AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS - Constitution Checks & Balances Examples: House passes a law  Senate must agree Senate passes a law  House must agree Congress passes a law  Prez can veto Prez selects judges  Senate confirms

Madisonian Model AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS - Constitution Checks & Balances Politics of bargaining Playing one institution against another Encourages moderation & compromise Conservative bias favoring the status quo

Ratification AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS - Introduction Federalists “Publius” = Madison, Hamilton, Jay Favored a stronger national government

Ratification AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS - Introduction Anti-Federalists Preferred revision of Art. of Confederation Feared too much power in national Gov’t & - Elite control - Weakening of states - Loss of individual liberty

Ratification AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS - Introduction Bill of Individual Rights? Compromise... Not included in original Constitution But would add amendments soon after

Constitutional Change AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS - Constitution The Constitution belongs to the living and not to the dead. ~ TJ

Constitutional Change AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS - Constitution Formal Changes: Proposal Congress can propose an amendment by 2/3 vote in each house, or National Convention can propose... by 2/3 of states 2 nd method never used

Constitutional Change AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS - Constitution Formal Changes: Ratification State Legislatures – 3/4 required, or State Conventions – 3/4 of states Convention used only once... for 21 st Amendment (repealing Prohibition)

Constitutional Change AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS - Constitution Informal Changes: Changing political practice... Parties Technology... Computers, internet Increasing demand on policymakers... growth in Presidential power

Constitutional Change AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS - Constitution Judicial Review Interpretation of laws by federal courts Established in Marbury v. Madison (1803) Chief Justice John Marshall

Reading AP U.S. GOVERNMENT & POLITICS - Constitution Government Text:Pages Origins of the Constitution32 – 37 The Philly Convention41 – 42 The Agenda in Philly43 – 47 Madisonian Model 48 – 51 Ratifying the Constitution 51 – 55 Constitutional Change55 – 61