ANEMIA

Schema of bloodforming

Definition of аnemia Anemia – it is decrease of erythrocytes amount and hemoglobin in unite of blood volume, which is accompanied also qualitative changes of erythrocytes Anemia – it is decrease of erythrocytes amount and hemoglobin in unite of blood volume, which is accompanied also qualitative changes of erythrocytes

Pathogenetic classification of anemias 1. Posthemorrhagic anemia 1. Posthemorrhagic anemia 2. Hemolytic anemia 2. Hemolytic anemia 3. Аnemia as a result of erythropoiesis disorder 3. Аnemia as a result of erythropoiesis disorder

Acute posthemorrhagic аnemia Causes: 1. Wounding of vessels 1. Wounding of vessels 2. Gastrointestinal bleeding 2. Gastrointestinal bleeding 3. Dysmenorrhea 3. Dysmenorrhea 4. Rupture of tube uterine (Fallopii) 4. Rupture of tube uterine (Fallopii) 5. Tuberculousis of lung 5. Tuberculousis of lung

Chronical posthemorrhagic аnemia Causes Causes 1. Stomach ulcer 1. Stomach ulcer 2. Cancer of stomach 2. Cancer of stomach 3. Hemorrhoid 3. Hemorrhoid 4. Uterine bleeding 4. Uterine bleeding 5. Renal bleeding 5. Renal bleeding 6. Nasal bleeding 6. Nasal bleeding According to colour index - hypochromic

Acquired hemolytic аnemia 1. Toxic 2. Immune 3. Мechanical 4. Acquired membranopathy

Тoxic hemolytic аnemia Poisoning with hemolytic poisons: Poisoning with hemolytic poisons: Arsenous hydrogen Arsenous hydrogen Acetoacid lead Acetoacid lead Phosphorus Phosphorus Nitribenzol Nitribenzol Phenylhydrasin Phenylhydrasin Cholic acids Cholic acids Mushroom poison Mushroom poison Snake poison Snake poison

Immune hemolytic аnemia 1. Autoimmune anemia 1. Autoimmune anemia 2. Posttrasfusional anemia 2. Posttrasfusional anemia а) transfusion of АВ0-incompatible blood а) transfusion of АВ0-incompatible blood б) transfusion Rh-incompatible blood б) transfusion Rh-incompatible blood 3. Hemolytic anemia of newborn 3. Hemolytic anemia of newborn

Acquired hemolytic аnemia. Reticulocytosis

Hereditary hemolytic аnemia 1. Enzymopathy 1. Enzymopathy 2. Hemoglobinopathy 2. Hemoglobinopathy 3. Membranopathy 3. Membranopathy

Enzymopathies 1. Deficiency of glucose Deficiency of glucose-6- phosphatedehydrogenase phosphatedehydrogenase 2. Deficiency pyruvatekinase 2. Deficiency pyruvatekinase

Drugs, causing hemolysis erythrocytes in G-6-PHDG insuficiency Sulfanilamides Sulfanilamides Antimalaric medicines Antimalaric medicines Aminosalicylic acid Aminosalicylic acid Phenacetin Phenacetin Vitamines С and К Vitamines С and К Аspirin in large doses Аspirin in large doses

Hemolytic anemia due to pyruvatekinase insuficiency. Reticulocytosis

Hemoglobinopathies Sickle cell anemia Thalassemia: α-thalassemia α-thalassemia ß-thalassemia ß-thalassemia

Sickle cell anemia - blood

Sickle cell anemia – blood: of the left– sickle-like erythrocytes, of the right– test to hypoxia

Small (heterozygous) thalassemia – blood

Greater (homozygous) thalassemia Cooley ’s – blood

Greater (homozygous) anemia Cooley ’s - blood

Membranopathy. Hereditary microspherocytosis - blood

Membranopathy Hereditary elliptocytosis – blood

Membranopathy – blood

Membranopathy Hereditary acanthosis– blood

Membranopathy Hereditary echynocytosis - blood

Anemias as a result deficiency of erythropoiesis Iron-deficiency anemia Iron-deficiency anemia В 12 -deficiency anemia В 12 -deficiency anemia Metaplastic anemia Metaplastic anemia Hypoplastic anemia Hypoplastic anemia Sideroblastic anemia Sideroblastic anemia

Iron-deficiency anemia - bloodd

Iron-deficiency anemia – blood

В 12 -deficiency anemia – blood

В 12 -deficiency anemia – bone marrow

Pernicious anemia – b. marrow Basophilic megaloblastes

В 12 -deficiency anemia – b. marrow Stages of megaloblast development

Pernicious anemia – b. marrow Stages of megaloblast development

Megaloblastes. Megalocytes. Jolly ’s bodies. Cabot ’s rings