MICRONUTRIENT DEFICIENCY DISORDERS

NUTRITIONAL DEFICINCY DISORDERS Objectives: Discuss common micronutrient deficiencies disorders

WATER-SOLUBLE VITAMINS Water-soluble vitamins include: B complex vitamins (Thiamine, Riboflavin, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, Vitamin B-6, Vitamin B-12 & Folic Acid) Vitamin C.

VITAMIN B1(THIAMINE)

Deficiency Symptoms: Dry Beriberi: Weakness; peripheral neuropathy; loss of reflexes; ataxia; weight loss; Wet Beriberi: oedema; dyspnea; heart failure;

RIBOFLAVIN(VITAMIN B 2)

Deficiency Symptoms: Ariboflavinosis; sore throat; angular stomatitis; glossitis (magenta tongue); seborrheic dermatitis; normochromic, normocytic anemia

NIACIN (VITAMIN B 3)

Deficiency Symptoms: Pellagra: i. Photosensitive dermatitis on light-exposed areas; ii. Diarrhoea; stomatitis; iii. neurological symptoms (depression, headache, fatigue, and loss of memory - dementia)

VITAMIN B 6 Deficiency Symptoms: Seborrheic dermatitis, microcytic anemia, epileptiform convulsions

VITAMIN B 6

VITAMIN B7(BIOTIN)

Deficiency Symptoms: Dermatitis, conjunctivitis, alopecia, and central nervous system abnormalities (depression, lethargy)

VITAMIN B9(FOLIC ACID) Deficiency Symptoms: Macrocytic Aanemia (weakness, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, irritability, headache, palpitations, shortness of breath)

VITAMIN B 12

Deficiency Symptoms: Macrocytic Anemia; Neurologic manifestations (sensory disturbances in the extremities, abnormalities of gait); Cognitive changes (loss of concentration; memory loss); Visual disturbances, insomnia, impotency, and impaired bowel and bladder control.

VITAMIN C

VITAMIN C DEFICIENCY (SCURVEY)

FAT-SOLUBLE VITAMINS Fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed through the intestinal tract with the help of lipids (fats). Fatintestinal tractlipids Fat-soluble Vitamins require bile acids to absorb fat-soluble vitamins. Because they are more likely to accumulate in the body, they are more likely to lead to hypervitaminosis than are water- soluble vitamins.hypervitaminosis Fat-soluble vitamins include vitamins A, D, E, K.

VITAMIN A

Deficiency Symptoms: i. Clinical: Night blindness; total blindness ii. Subclinical: May increase risk for respiratory and diarrheal infections; decrease growth rate; slow bone development; and decrease likelihood of survival from serious illness

XEROPTHALMIA (DRY EYE)

VITAMIN D

VITAMIN K

Deficiency Symptoms: Increase in prothrombin time; in severe cases, hemorrhagic events

VITAMIN E Deficiency Symptoms: Nerve degeneration in hands and feet

MINERALS

CLASSIFICATION OF MINERALS There are two kinds of minerals: Major or Macrominerals are minerals your body needs in larger amounts. They include calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chloride and sulfur.calciumsodium Trace minerals are required in small amounts. These include iron, manganese, copper, iodine, zinc, cobalt, fluoride and selenium.

IRON METABOLISM

IRON

IRON DEFICIENCY Deficiency Symptoms: Anemia, tiredness, weakness, dyspnea,, dysphagia, kolynochia, decreased work performance, impaired learning abilities, occasionally pica

MICROCYTIC HYPOCHROMIC ANEMIA

IODINE Function: Component of the thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)

IODINE DEFICIENCY DISORDERS(IDDs) Deficiency Symptoms: Mental retardation, hypothyroidism, goiter, cretinism, and varying degrees of other growth and developmental abnormalities

Population effects of severe iodine deficiency, termed Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDDs), include: Hypothyroidism, Endemic goiter, Cretinism, Decreased fertility rate, Increased infant mortality, Mental retardation and varying degrees of other growth and developmental abnormalities IODINE DEFICIENCY DISORDERS 40

ZINC

ZINC DEFICIENCY Deficiency Symptoms: Growth retardation, hair loss, diarrhea, delayed sexual maturation and impotence, eye and skin lesions, loss of appetite, delayed wound healing

FLUORIDE Deficiency: Tooth cavities; tooth decay; loss of teeth. Excess fluoride causes dental fluorosis DENATL CARIES DENTAL FLOUROSIS

CALCIUM

CALCIUM DEFICIENCY Deficiency Symptoms: Reduced bone mass and osteoporosis

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