Sponge: Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 85 Topic: 14.2 Components of Blood Essential Questions: How does a red blood cell change as it matures How do WBCs reach microorganisms that are outside blood vessels? 14.2 Components of Blood 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules

Red Blood Cell Production (1m31s) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xpsGsfuffEM

Blood Cells PowerPoint Directions: Please create a 1-3 slide Powerpoint Presentation on the type of cell you are assigned. Mrs. McCobb will then grade/edit (as needed) the compilation PPT to present to the class on Thursday for notes. Save/Export as a PowerPoint Presentation FileExportPPTNextSave as: (Title of PPT)Where: DesktopExport Submit to Edmodo. Please include all group members’ names in the comment section.

Characteristics of Red Blood Cells Red Blood Cells aka erythorocytes (e-ryth-ro-cytes) biconcave discs (thinner in center). This shape: allows them to transport gases places the cell membrane closer to the O2 carrying hemoglobin allows them to squeeze through capillaries lack nuclei and mitochondria

Hemoglobin: Oxygen carrying molecule Responsible for the color of blood When O2 combines with hemoglobin, the resulting oxyhemoglobin is bright red Deoxyhemoglobin is darker Blood rich in this may appear bluish when viewed through blood vessel walls

RBCs and Oxygen (1m8s) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UhqcB34AwpU

Cyanosis: A person experiencing prolonged oxygen deficiency (hypoxia) may become cyanotic The skin and mucous membranes appear bluish due to an abnormally high amount of deoxyhemoglobin Exposure to low temps may also result in cyanosis

Red Blood Cell Counts (RBCC) number of RBCs in a cubic millimeter (mm3)of blood 4,600,000 – 6,200,000 in males 4,200,000 – 5,400,000 in adult females 4,500,000 – 5,100,000 in children reflects blood’s oxygen carrying capacity

Red Blood Cell Production Life span: approx 120 days Will travel through the body about 75,000 times low blood oxygen causes kidneys and liver to release erythropoietin which stimulates RBC production

Green box: Erythrocytosis: a condition where an individual produces about 25% more red blood cells than normal The result… GREAT physical endurance Can be mocked by “blood doping” Eero Mäntyranta 3 Olympic gold metals Two world championships in cross country skiing

Dietary Factors Affecting Red Blood Cell Production The availability of vitamin B and folic acid significantly influences red blood cell production

Life Cycle of Red Blood Cell circulate for about 120 days macrophages in spleen and liver destroy worn out RBCs hemoglobin is broken down into heme and globin iron from heme returns to red bone marrow bilirubin and biliverdin excreted in bile

Types of Anemia

Anemia Normal RBCs RBCs of person with hypochromic anemia

White Blood Cells White blood Cells (WBC) aka Leukocytes Protect against disease Blood transports WBCs to sites of infection They can leave the bloodstream

Neutrophils first to arrive at infections phagocytic 54% - 62% of leukocytes elevated in bacterial infections

Neurtophils (2m14s) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0TvTyj5FAaQ

Eosinophils moderate allergic reactions defend against parasitic worm infestations 1% - 3% of leukocytes elevated in parasitic worm infestations and allergic reactions

Basophils Migrate to damaged tissue release histamine which promotes inflammation release heparin which inhibits blood clotting (increasing blood flow to injured tissue) less than 1% of leukocytes

Monocytes largest blood cell leave bloodstream to become macrophages 3% - 9% of leukocytes phagocytize bacteria, dead cells, and other debris

Lymphocytes Two types: T cells directly attack microorganisms B cells produce antibodies which will attack foreign molecules 25% - 33% of leukocytes

Types of WBCs and Their Functions (4m38s) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tdx-U8S6ZMk

Functions of WBC: to protect against infection in various ways Diapadesis Diapadesis: leukocytes squeeze between the cells of a capillary wall and enter the tissue space outside the blood vessel (leave circulation)

Positive Chemotaxis movement of leukocytes toward the damaged tissue region because of the chemicals that were released by damaged cells

Diapedesis and Chemotaxis http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DMvixApKzKs

White Blood Cell Counts Normal: 5,000 – 10,000 per cubic millimeter of blood Differential WBC count may indicate infections: lists percentages of types of leukocytes may change in particular diseases leukopenia low WBC count (below 5,000) typhoid fever, flu, measles, mumps, chicken pox, AIDS, may come from anemia, lead, arsenic, or mercury poisoning. leukocytosis high WBC count (above 10,000) acute infections, appendicitis May follow vigorous exercise, emotional disturbances, great loss of body fluids

White Blood Cell Counts

Blood Platelets aka thrombocytes They are not complete cells (cell fragments of megakaryocytes) 130,000 – 360,000 per cubic millimeter of blood helps control blood loss from broken vessels

Blood Plasma straw colored liquid portion of blood makes up 55% of blood plasma is 92% water

The Blood Typing Game http://www.nobelprize.org/educational/medicine/bloodtypinggame/ Or Google: Nobel Prize Blood Typing Game