Patronage and Artistic Life ART HISTORY STUDY GUIDE: Chapter ____________________ Key Ideas: Revitalization of large scale architecture and sculpture Pilgrimmages to sacred European shrine increase flow of people and ideas around the continent Portal sculptures = themes of Last Judgment and need for salvation Weaving/tapestry and manuscript painting Historical Timeline 1050-1150 time frame But some object dates as early as 1000 to as late as 1200 Crusades - counter invasion of Muslim lands to reclaim Christian shrines Patronage and Artistic Life Feudalism - Allegiance to liege lord - peasants or vassals work the land, swear allegiance to liege in exchange for protection Painting considered a higher calling than sculpture Women - feminine arts (ceramics, weaving or manuscript decoration) Sacred and secular works Architectural focus - churches, castles, monasteries and manor houses
ART HISTORY STUDY GUIDE: Chapter ____________________ Innovations in Architecture Three stories - arcade, gallery/tribune, clerestory Rib vault - Durham Cathedral - for roof support - stresses of load onto the piers, opened ceiling spaces for larger windows in the clerestory Height - glory to God, acoustics Crossing square - used as form of measurement Campaniles - bell towers
ART HISTORY STUDY GUIDE: Chapter ____________________ Major Artistic Characteristics: Massive Stone and mortar - fireproof Arches and arcades Italian - more horizontal style Europe - more vertical Dark interiors Innovations in Painting Not a 3D reality People are most important Stone sculpture was painted Innovations in Sculpture Portal Sculpture - themes of Last Judgment and need for salvation Some sculpture almost life-sized Reliquaries popular
ART HISTORY STUDY GUIDE: Chapter ____________________ Innovations in Luxury/Alternative Arts: Weaving - Bayeaux Tapestry - relates events 10 years after they occurred Vocabulary Pilgrimage Arcade Tribune Clerestory Aisles Nave Radiating chapels Portal Cruciform Crossing square Bays Gallery Cloister Furta sacra Pilgrimage church Transept Springing Compound pier Transverse arches Historiated Bestiaries Tympanum Voussoirs Archivolts Lintel Trumeau Jamb Hall church Rib vaults Campanile Baptistery Tripartite Images You Should Know St. James, Santiago de Compostela Cluny III Parts of a Church Parts of a Portal South Portal, Saint-Pierre, Moissac Pentecost and Mission of the Apostles, La Madeleine Last Judgement, Saint-Lazare Complex at Pisa Saint-Etienne, Caen, France Baptismal Font from Notre Dame Durham Cathedral Bayeaux Tapestry