2014 年 11 月 4 日 : 日程表 文化演讲 复习生词 Project: “ 真的史蒂文森学 校 ”: 文章一 生词练习

of course 当然 dāngrán adv

fat 胖 pàng adj

to fear; to be afraid of 怕 pà v

simple 简单 jiǎndān adj

to jog 跑步 pǎo bù vo

to run 跑 pǎo v

hard to bear; uncomfortable 难受 nánshòu adj

tennis 网球 wǎngqiú n

racket 拍 pāi n

basketball 篮球 lánqiú n

to swim 游泳 yóu yǒng vo

dangerous 危险 wēixiǎn adj

to be willing 愿意 yuànyì av

to attend college/university 上大学 shàng dàxué vo

for the sake of 为了 wèile prep

to improve; to raise; to heighten 提高 tígāo v

level; standard 水平 shuǐpíng n

soccer; football 足球 zúqiú n

game; match; competition; to compete 比赛 bǐsài n/v

international 国际 guójì adj

American-style 美式 Měishì adj

should; ought to 应该 yīnggāi mv

foot 脚 jiǎo n

to kick 踢 tī v

hand 手 shǒu n

to hold or carry in the arms 抱 bào v

to press; to hold down; to weigh down 压 yā v

by 被 bèi prep

to worry 担心 dān xīn vo

fantastic; super 棒 bàng adj

sportswear; athletic clothing 运动服 yùndòngfú n

half a day; a long time 半天 bàntiān

Duration of Non-Action Time Expression + 没 (méi) + V + ( 了 ) This structure indicates that an action has not been or was not performed for a certain period of time. University of Michigan Flint Zhong, Yan

他三天没上网了。 Tā sān tiān méi shàng wǎng le. He hasn’t gone online for three days. University of Michigan Flint Zhong, Yan

我两年没检查身体了 。 Wǒ liǎng nián méi jiǎnchá shēntǐ le. I haven’t had a check-up in two years. University of Michigan Flint Zhong, Yan

我的狗病了，一天没 吃东西了。 Wǒ de gǒu bìng le, yì tiān méi chī dōngxi le. My dog is sick; she hasn’t eaten anything for a day. University of Michigan Flint Zhong, Yan

妹妹上个月特别忙， 三个星期没回家。 Mèimei shàng ge yuè tèbié máng, sān ge xīngqī méi huí jiā. My younger sister was especially busy last month, and she didn’t come home for three weeks. University of Michigan Flint Zhong, Yan

去年寒假我去英国旅 行，一个月没吃中国 菜。 Qùnián hánjià wǒ qù Yīngguó lǚxíng, yí ge yuè méi chī Zhōngguó cài. I went on a trip to Britain during the winter break last year, and didn’t eat any Chinese food for a month. University of Michigan Flint Zhong, Yan

好 / 难 (hǎo/nán) + V ome verbs can be preceded by 好 or 难 (hǎo or nán), and the resulting compounds become adjectives. In this case, 好 (hǎo) usually means “easy” while 难 (nán) means “difficult” University of Michigan Flint Zhong, Yan

好受 Hǎoshòu easy to bear 难受 nánshòu hard to bear University of Michigan Flint Zhong, Yan

好写 hǎoxiě easy to write 难写 Nánxiě hard to write University of Michigan Flint Zhong, Yan

好走 Hǎozǒu easy to walk on 难走 Nánzǒu hard to walk on University of Michigan Flint Zhong, Yan

好说 Hǎoshuō easy to say 难说 Nánshuō difficult to say University of Michigan Flint Zhong, Yan

好懂 Hǎodǒng easy to understand 难懂 Nándǒng hard to understand University of Michigan Flint Zhong, Yan

好唱 Hǎochàng easy to sing 难唱 Nánchàng hard to sing University of Michigan Flint Zhong, Yan

In some other compounds 好 (hǎo) suggests that the action represented by the verb is pleasant while 难 (nán) means the opposite University of Michigan Flint Zhong, Yan

好看 Hǎokàn pretty 难看 Nánkàn ugly University of Michigan Flint Zhong, Yan

好听 Hǎotīng pleasant to the ear 难听 Nántīng unpleasant to the ear University of Michigan Flint Zhong, Yan

to go to the bathroom 上厕所 shàng cèsuǒ University of Michigan Flint

To go to school is 上学 (shàng xué) in colloquial Mandarin 上小学, shàng xiǎoxué, attending elementary school 上中学, shàng zhōngxué, attending middle school 上大学 shàng dàxué, attending college. University of Michigan Flint

Duration of Actions When a sentence contains both a time expression that indicates the duration of an action and an object, it needs to be formed in one of these two patterns: A. Repetition of the verb B. Time expression placed before the object, often with 的 (de) University of Michigan Flint

She listens to recordings for an hour every day. A. 她每天听录音听一个 小时。 Tā měitiān tīng lùyīn tīng yí ge B. 她每天听一个小时 ( 的 ) 录音。 Tā měitiān tīng yí ge xiǎoshí (de) lùyīn. University of Michigan Flint

She swims for forty minutes every afternoon. A. 她每天下午游泳游四 十分钟。 Tā měitiān xiàwǔ yóu yǒng yóu sìshí fēnzhōng. B. 她每天下午游四十分 钟 ( 的 ) 泳。 Tā měitiān xiàwǔ yóu sìshí fēnzhōng (de) yǒng. University of Michigan Flint

She reads English newspapers for two hours every day, so her English is getting better and better. A. 她每天看英文报 纸看两个小时，所以 英文越来越好了。 Tā měitiān kàn Yīngwén bàozhǐ kàn liǎng ge xiǎoshí, suǒyǐ Yīngwén yuè lái yuè hǎo le. B. 她每天看两个小 时 ( 的 ) 英文报纸，所 以英文越来越好了。 Tā měitiān kàn liǎng ge xiǎoshí (de) Yīngwén bàozhǐ, suǒyǐ Yīngwén yuè lái yuè hǎo le. University of Michigan Flint

Soccer vs. Football Although the term 足 球 (zúqiú) literally means “football,” it refers to soccer, rather than American football. To avoid confusion, Chinese speakers refer to American football as 美式足球 (Měishì zúqiú, American-style football) or 橄榄球 (gǎnlǎn qiú, lit., “olive ball”). University of Michigan Flint

真的史蒂文森学校 学生的 “ 真的 ” 生活是什么？ 真的 =zhēn de=really 学生应该 (yīng gāi=should) 来 史蒂文森学校吗？ 写六篇文章

文章 ( wén zhāng)=article, essay

第一篇文章： 史蒂文森学校有什么环境 (huán jìng=ENVIRONMENT) ？ 在哪里？ 天气怎么样？ 宿舍 (sù shè) 怎么样？

这个学校的环境呢？

2014 年 11 月 5 日 : 日程表 文化演讲 生词练习 “ 为了 ” 句子 Project: “ 真的史蒂文森学校 ”: 文 章一 作业 : 练习本， Extra Reading

为了 (wèile) usually appears in the first clause of a complex sentence 为了学好中文，他每天听两 个小时录音 Wèile xué hǎo Zhōngwén, tā měitiān tīng liǎng ge xiǎoshí lùyīn. In order to learn Chinese well, he listens to the recording for two hours everyday. University of Michigan Flint

为了 (wèile) usually appears in the first clause of a complex sentence 为了 _____, 我 ____ >>> 语言 ? >>> 学习 ? >>> 运动 ? 为了提高 ( tí gāo)____,

The Particle 着 (zhe) 着 (zhe) signifi es the continuation of an action or a state. Its function is descriptive. When 着 (zhe) is used between two verbs, the one that precedes 着 (zhe) signifi es the accompanying action, while the second verb signifies the main action. University of Michigan Flint

老师站着教课，学生 坐着听课。 Lǎoshī zhàn zhe jiāo kè, xuésheng zuò zhe tīng kè. While the teacher stood lecturing, the students sat listening. University of Michigan Flint

我喜欢躺着听音乐。 Wǒ xǐhuan tǎng zhe tīng yīnyuè. I like to listen to music while lying down. University of Michigan Flint

美式足球可以抱着球 跑。 Měishì zúqiú kěyǐ bào zhe qiú pǎo. In American football, you can run with the ball in your hands. University of Michigan Flint

着 (zhe) vs. 在 (zài) 着 (zhe) is normally used after a verb to indicate a continuing action or a state. 在 (zài) is normally used before a verb to indicate an ongoing action. University of Michigan Flint

the passive voice in Chinese In Chinese, the passive voice is not used as often as it is in English. It often carries negative connotations and usually appears in situations that are unpleasant for the receiver of the action, or in situations where something is lost. University of Michigan Flint

被 / 叫 / 让 (bèi/jiào/ràng) in Passive-Voice Sentences A sentence in the passive voice can be constructed with 被 (bèi), 叫 (jiào), or 让 (ràng). Its structure is as follows: receiver of the action + 被 (bèi)/ 叫 (jiào)/ 让 (ràng) + agent of the action + verb + other element (complement/ 了 {le}, etc.) University of Michigan Flint

我的功课被 / 叫 / 让狗 吃了。 Wǒ de gōngkè bèi/jiào/ràng gǒu chī le. My homework was eaten by my dog. University of Michigan Flint

你买的那些书被 / 叫 / 让你的女朋友拿去了 。 Nǐ mǎi de nà xiē shū bèi/jiào/ràng nǐ de nǚpéngyou ná qù le. The books that you bought were taken away by your girlfriend. University of Michigan Flint

糟糕，你的网球拍被 / 叫 / 让我压坏了。 Zāogāo, nǐ de wǎngqiú pāi bèi/jiào/ràng wǒ yā huài le. Oh gosh, your tennis racket was crushed [by me]. University of Michigan Flint

In a passive-voice sentence with 被 (bèi)/ 叫 (jiào) / 让 (ràng), the agent of the action does not always have to be specified. If the agent of the action is someone that is not identifiable or need not be identified, it can be referred to simply as 人 (rén, someone; people). University of Michigan Flint

我的信用卡被 / 叫 / 让 人拿走了。 Wǒ de xìnyòngkǎ bèi/jiào/ràng rén ná zǒu le. My credit card was taken away. University of Michigan Flint

同学们在教室里又唱 又跳，他快被吵死了 。 Tóngxué men zài jiàoshì li yòu chàng yòu tiào, tā kuài bèi chǎo sǐ le. His classmates are singing and dancing in the classroom. The noise is driving him to distraction. the agent of the action can be omitted University of Michigan Flint

你看，我的梨被 / 叫 / 让你的西瓜压坏了。 Nǐ kàn, wǒ de lí bèi/jiào/ràng nǐ de xīgua yā huài le. Take a look. My pears were crushed by your watermelon. University of Michigan Flint