1.3 Project Advisory Group on Education A view of academia Prof Em. Hiroaki IKEDA, Chiba University APEC Sub-Committee on Standards and Conformance (SCSC)

Contents Introduction –self-introduction of the presenter Overview of standards and conformity View of academia on current status of education in universities and colleges Issues to be highlighted Conclusions – Recommendations

Self introduction, academic Faculty member of Chiba University (1968…2008) –in Faculty of Engineering –in Graduate School of Engineering Prof. Emeritus of Chiba University (2008…to date) Providing lectures including on “International Standardization” (2000…to date)

Self-introduction, standarization Started his activities in 1983 for IEC/SC 61G Technical Area Manager on “Colour Manage- ment,” IEC TC 100/TA 2 ( ) Convener of ISO-IEC Joint WG (1998-) –Project Leader of IEC and -3 IEC Lord KELVIN Award (1999) Secretary of IEC SC 3C (2000…to date) –Convener of IEC (2009…to date) Project Editor of ISO/IEC JTC 1/C 35 (2008…to date)

Overview of standards and conformity Aspects of “standards” – most of them are voluntary –Geography National, Regional, and International –Industrial sector or academic discipline Electrotechnology (IEC) Information Communication Technology (ITU, IEC, ISO) Neither of the above (ISO) –such as mechanical, chemical, and so on –Consensus creation De-jure, De-facto, and fora

Overview of standards and conformity, cont. Aspect of “conformity” – some of “standards” are used as bases for conformity assessment (CA) –testing –inspection –sampling –audit –assessment of CA bodies –accreditation –certification –surveillance

Overview of standards and conformity, cont. Relationship between standards and CA bodies –A good standard is written so as to allow conformity to its requirements to be assessed: it describes the function and behaviour of the products, rather than its design; it gives precise, measurable specifications; it mandates tests and test methods which are reliable and reproducible. –A good standard should be equally usable for CA of 1 st -party (seller) 2 nd -party (buyer) 3 rd -party (Neither seller or buyer – officially, “person or body that is independent” of the 1 st and 2 nd parties).

Expectations to academia Mandates of academia linked to “education” –Knowledge transfer to the next generation on the established academic disciplines, such as Engineering, Medicine, Economics, Politics, Sociology, Literature, and so on –Research on cutting-edge technologies Leading to a new academic discipline or inter-disciplinary results –Development on leading-edge systems Leading to a new scheme or system to provide a good order to mankind

What is “standardization”? It is “activity of establishing, with regard to actual or potential problems, provisions for common and repeated use, aimed at the achievement of the optimum degree of order in a given context”. –In particular, the activity consists of the process of formulating, issuing and implementing standards. Quoted from clause 1.1 (and Note 1), ISO/IEC Guide 2 Ed.8 (2004) View of Academia

Similarity of “academic study” to “standardization” It is activity of publishing, with regard to actual or potential problems, papers for common and repeated use, aimed at the achievement of the optimum degree of order in a given context. –In particular, the activity consists of education, study, collaboration and, implementing the solution as patents and standards. View of Academia

Benefits of standardization They are –“improvement of the suitability of products, processes and services for intended purposes, –prevention of barriers to trade and –facilitation of technological cooperation”. Quoted from Note 2 of clause 1.1, ISO/IEC Guide 2 Ed.8 (2004) View of Academia

View of academia on benefits of standardization They will be –provision of alternative solutions to the actual or potential problems, –expansions of outlet not only as academic papers but also standards, and –facilitation of technological cooperation. View of Academia

Relationship between educational institutions and standardization bodies Potential human resource Academic papers Patents Standards & Rec’s Higher educational institutes Brushed up human resource Enterprises & Governments Products & Services (Admission) (Standardization of education) （ IEC-ISO-ITU ） Users in general, consumers IEC-ISO-ITU (Graduation) (Social responsibility) (International collaboration)

Recent trends in education of SDO From IEC SMB Standardization Strategy Implementation Plan , e.g. –Goal 3a) Supporting NCs in attracting and recruiting experts to the IEC work –Goal 4d) Soliciting input from academia and research institutes View of Academia

Recent trends in education, cont National body Involvement of academia Soliciting input from academia and research institutes Source KoreaProfessors: 20 %; Research institutes: 30 % -University course on standardization -Incentives for professor and research institutes -Many research institutes are involved in COSD Program -“Feasibility for standardization” is key criterion for deliberation of Government-funded R&D Project SMB/4002/INF ( ) Japan-7,3 % of to IEC and -10,9 % of to ISO; -in average 10 % IEC/EMS & ISO/GD ( ) GermanyDKE has active technical experts, 10 % of which are coming from academia and research institutes. SMB/4016/INF ( ) Netherlands650 members, 6 % coming from academia and research institutions for NEC standardization SMB/4112/INF ( )

Recent trends in education, cont National body Involvement of academia Soliciting input from academia and research institutes Source Brazil  500: Estimative of students and professors acting in Standardization, Metrology and Conformity Assessment  : Estimative of professionals acting in Standardization, Metrology and Conformity Assessment SMB/4111/INF ( ) Australia  Standards Australia's new Education & Training Division tasked with identifying education and training opportunities and also promoting the understanding and awareness of Standards through academic institutions.  Ongoing discussions with universities and other institutions regarding curriculum development and the inclusion of Standardisation as a study and research topic SMB/4194/INF ( ) Spain  Annual seminar on standards at the University promoted by the industry  Periodical feedback on key issues to Technical Committee members  Periodical market inspections in cooperation with the Ministry of Industry, which promotes the good practices  Training courses addressed to new Technical Committee members  Promotion of IEC standards in different countries  Promotion of standardization activities in different events not directly linked to standards SMB/4195/INF ( )

Embedding IPR’s in standards, recent trend View of Academia

Example of direct involvement of academia View of Academia

A view of academia, conformity View of Academia Reference: Conformity assessment for developing countries – Guidelines Ed. 3, IEC ( )

A view of academia, Some primitive aspects considered in education As in standardization: –Establishment of basic concepts commonly acceptable –Unambiguous general terms and definitions provided –Consistent use of basic terminology in teaching materials conformity fulfillment of requirements of a standard –Note: The term “conformance” is synonymous but deprecated.

A view of academia Key points to be answered What are the benefits for –Students under education How to motivate them to attend the class? What kind of carrier path after graduation is expected? –Teachers, lecturers and professors Are they recognized? Rewarded? –Educational institutes Is it requirement or in high priority for them to provide the lectures on standards and conformity?

Conclusions Recommendations from academia Development of common teaching materials –Consistent use of terminology (with clear definition) Conformity vs. conformance Standardization Clear benefits and links to the activities in academia: –education Leading to a carrier path for educated people in collaboration with industries –research Results of research: not only academic papers and patents, but also new work item proposals to trigger standardization –collaboration with academic institutions –top-down encouragement of education and research as governmental policy

For further reference: ISO/IEC Guide 2 Ed. 8 (2004), Standardization and related activities – General vocabulary ISO/IEC 17000:2004, Conformity assessment – Vocabulary and general principles Conformity assessment for developing countries – Guidelines Ed. 3, International Electrotechnical Commission ( ) Building Trust – The Conformity Assessment Toolbox, International Organization for Standardization (undated)