¿Qué es un cognado? What’s a cognate? Read this page and lookup any words you don’t know first (best online dictionary ever: wordreference.com)wordreference.com Then, watch this video twice (it’s only 6 mins long!): Watch 1 st without subtitles and see what you understand. Watch again with Spanish subtitles (click on CC on the bottom right corner of the youtube screen and choose Spanish revisado) – ¿Comprendiste bien? Write on the back of this page at least 15 words you understood correctly (the hard ones please!) & their translations. Watch it a 3 rd time with English subtitles if needed. QUESTION (answer on the back with your 15 words): which of the cognate rule(s) seem most useful to you in unlocking Spanish? Why?

2. Many words that end in -a, -o or –e: Drop or change the last vowel. aire mapa causa medicina mucho rápido dieta 1. cognate / cognado words from another language that look or sound similar to English the pronunciation and spelling may be different Por ejemplo: Elefante Idea Magico Hamburguesa

3. –ción and cción = English word ends in –tion or –ction. All of these words have an accent on the final syllable. ALL of these words are feminine in gender. degeneración descripción investigación vegetación vocación construcción destrucción colección acción elección

5. -ma words are masculine in gender, even though they end in -a. clima diagrama problema programa sistema 6. –ario words end in -ary in English. aniversario diccionario disciplinario literario necesario ordinario vocabulario

7. -dad words usually correspond to word that ends in -ty. ALL of these words are feminine in gender. autoridad comunidad dificultad enfermedad necesidad universidad velocidad 8. English words that end in - ic usually have a Spanish cognate that add in -o. fantástico gimnástico linguístico optimístico pesimístico romántico sarcástico

9. -ente words in Spanish often end in -ent in English. These are usually adjectives but sometimes also nouns. agente cliente diferente equivalente indiferente suficiente 10.–mente words are usually the equivalent of –ly words in English – and usually adverbs. especialmente exactamente finalmente generalmente naturalmente obviamente rapidamente

12. –encia or –ancia words end in –ence or – ance in English ausencia circunstancia conciencia experiencia importancia obediencia tolerancia 11. -ia words in Spanish often end with -y in English Historía Categoría Tecnología Economía Biología

13.–al words in both English and Spanish often mean the same. comercial especial general total local ocasional oficial original

But BEWARE! There are many false cognates as well (also called false friends): – Actualmente = currently. Actually = de hecho (in fact). – “Real” = royal. Real (in Eng.) = verdadero – Asistir = to attend. To assist = ayudar – Atender = to serve / to attend to. – Compromiso = promise / commitment – Embarazado/a = pregnant. Embarassed = avergonzado/a – Decepcionado/a = disappointed. – Éxito = success. Exit = salida. Suceso = event or happening. – AND MANY MORE!!!