Cogeneration Facility The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Cogeneration Systems Energy Services Department Phil Barner- Cogeneration Systems Manager Ray DuBose – Director, Energy Services

Joshua Walker Gore ( ) and Gore Building at Cogeneration Facility This building bears the name of Joshua W. Gore, a science and engineering professor at Carolina.

1978

2005

District Energy System

Campus Steam Distribution

Cogeneration or CHP ( Combined Heat and Power ) n Simultaneous production of electricity and steam n High thermal efficiency n Low environmental impact

U.S. Average Generating Efficiencies 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% UNC Cogen

UNC-CH Cogeneration Turbine Generator Boilers Steam Heating Cooling Hot Water Sterilization Cooking/Dishwashing Electricity Coal Water Air 150 psi 40 psi Condenser

Generator Dispatch Price Total UNC Load UNC Generated kW Duke Purchased kW

Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustion Clean coal technology Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) -- furnace temperature Sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) -- sorbent

NSPS 40CFR60, Subpart Db n SO 2 u 90% reduction u 1.2 lbs/MMBtu n NOx u 0.6 lbs/MMBtu n Opacity u 20% n Particulate u 0.5 lbs/MMBtu n SO 2 u 92% reduction u 0.2 lbs/MMBtu n NOx u 0.4 lbs/MMBtu n Opacity u 3% n Particulate u 0.01 lbs/MMBtu Permit Limits Typical Operation

New Boiler MACT Permit Permit Limits Typical Operation n Mercury u lbs/MMBtu n HCl u 435 lb/hr n Mercury u lbs/MMBtu n HCl u 4.4 lbs/hr

UNC Cogen CFB System

Prologue to the Future: UNC Climate Action Plan and Cogen n Climate Action Plan Published September 2009 n Two Cogen Projects over next 5 years: u Landfill Gas to Energy u Biomass Co-firing at Cogen

Cogen and UNC’s Climate Action Plan Near Term Impact

PROPOSED LANDFILL GAS PIPE ROUTING

PROJECT BENEFITS n Reduction in greenhouse gas emissions n Methane destruction n The emissions reduction attributable to this project are equivalent to: n Removing the emissions of 7,860 automobiles or n Planting 9,750 acres of forest

PROJECT BENEFITS n Cost savings from avoided purchased power n Makes beneficial use of otherwise wasted gas n LFG project alone would make Carolina North carbon neutral for 12 to 15 years.

Biomass Cofiring in CFBs: Issues n Fuel Supply Chain and Cost n Front End Fuel Handling u Storage u Feed Systems n Impact on Combustion and Heat Transfer Surface n Baghouse Impacts n Ash Disposal Impacts n Amount of Carbon Reduction

Biomass Cofiring in CFBs: Plans n Test Protocols – March 2010 n Dried Wood Pellets Tests – Spring 2010 n Torrified Wood Tests – Fall to Winter 2010/2011 n Evaluation and Implementation Plan Development – 2010/2011 n Burn ? (Fuel Supply Chain and Extent of Required Mods)