DHS Scholars Internship Fire Research Division Tony Le, Drexel University Advisor: Dr. Glenn Forney, NIST August 13 th, 2007

Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) Command line based computational fluid dynamics model of fire-driven fluid flow  Based on Navier-Stokes equations for low- speed, thermally-driven flow  Emphasis on smoke and heat transport from fires First created in February 2000

Computational Fluid Dynamics Zone Fire Model - Divide into two zones - Ordinary differential equation Field Model - Divide into small volumes -Partial differential equations

Simulation Clip

Features of FDS Hydrodynamic Model - Navier-Stokes  Turbulence treated by Smagorinsky form of Large Eddy Simulation (LES) Combustion Model – single step chemical reaction tracked via a two-parameter mixture fraction model Radiation Transport – finite volume methods for convective transport

Features of FDS (cont.) Geometry – approximated governing equations of a rectilinear mesh Multiple Meshes – numerous rectangular meshes used for calculations Parallel Processing – numerous computers using Message Passing Interface (MPI) Boundary Conditions – solid surfaces are assigned thermal boundary conditions

Linux Fire Cluster Current System  PERL Script  Current Load  Temperature  Usage User Cumulative  System Status

Nagios – Network Monitoring New System  Notifications SMS (Text Msgs)  Temperature  System Status  Interactive Plug-ins Web-Based Services

FDS Graphical User Interface (GUI) Ruby – WxRuby

SmokeView (SMV) Visualize numerical predictions generated by FDS Displays time-dependent  Traces particle flow  Animated contour slices of computed gas variables and surface data Simulation Clip

SmokeView - OpenGL Simulation Clip

3D Smoke – Animated Isosurfaces Simulation Clip

Particle Animation Simulation Clip

Temperature Slices Simulation Clip

Boundary Temperature Simulation Clip

Validation Simulation Clip

Real World Models NASA Vehicle Assembly Building Kennedy Space Center courtesy Rolf Jensen Tank Fire Analysis Combustion Science and Engineering 2006 Olympic Ice Hockey Stadium, Turin, Italy, Courtesy of Arup Parking Garage, Courtesy of VTT, Finland Courtesy, Schirmer Engineering PyroSim, courtesy Thunderhead Engineering Consultants, Manhattan, Kansas

World Trade Center Investigation Kevin McGrattan, Chuck Bouldin, Glenn Forney Simulation Clip

College Dorm Fire

Questions?