War of 1812 Notes on…  Jefferson’s Foreign Policy  Embargo  War of 1812  Era of Good Feelings

Jefferson’s Foreign Policy Impossible to avoid foreign affairs – 1. American merchants engaged in trade all over the world – 2. Louisiana Purchase opened country to westward expansion

Problems with France and England  British did not want Americans supplying food to enemies  so  British set up partial blockade – only some American ships sail to Europe

 France became angry = enacted their own laws  American shippers - -difficult position- either way ships might be seized

Trade as a Weapon  Congress passed the Embargo Act of 1807 – American ships no longer sail to foreign ports – American ports closed to British ships

 THIS WAS A DISASTER!! – Most harmful to US – American farmers, merchants, Southerners, Westerners, shippers, New Englanders – EVERYONE suffered!

 Election 1808, the embargo was major issue  James Madison won ---4th president

War Hawks  Anti-British feelings grew in the South and West.  Demanded war against the British  Wanted more land = push Brits from Canada

New Englanders  Merchants & businessmen opposed war  WHY????  Relied on trade with Britain

The War of 1812

Causes of the War of 1812  British arming Natives in the Ohio River Valley  British impressment of American sailors

 Britain began impressing (kidnapping) American sailors to work on British ships. – , impressed about 6,000 Americans

 The United States military was weak when war began. – Navy had 16 ships – Army had fewer than 7,000 poorly trained men – Little equipment – Inexperienced officers

 Battles concentrated around: -Great Lakes -Washington DC -Louisiana -Mississippi

The Burning of D.C.  British troops marched into city  Dolly Madison (First Lady)gathered important papers and a portrait of George Washington then fled south  British troops burned the executive mansion (White House) and the capitol  The British move and attacked Fort McHenry at Baltimore

 The commander of Fort McHenry requested a large flag so “the British will have no difficulty seeing it!”  American Flag flew high

 Francis Scott Key detained on a British ship – watched the all-night battle. The next morning, He expressed his pride in what became the national anthem, “The Star-Spangled Banner”

The Americans

The British

Battle of New Orleans The British prepared to attack New Orleans = cut off Americans trade on the Mississippi BUT  Andrew Jackson waiting for the British!  Jackson’s American soldiers and pirates defeated the Brits

 Jackson’s men dug trenches to defend themselves. British soldiers charged the American trenches. More than 2,000 British fell. Only seven Americans died!

Battle of New Orleans

 Final, most deadly battle for the British  Andrew Jackson became a hero.  The battle took place two weeks after peace treaty signed!

Treaty of Ghent 1814  Ghent, Belgium  Signed December 24, 1814  Ended War 1812  None of the issues causing war addressed---“Nothing was adjusted, nothing was settled.” return matters as before the war

Americans pride in their country.  “The people are now more American. They feel and act more as a nation.”

Era of Good Feelings  Time after War 1812 people not divided over political issues or war PATRIOTISM GROWS

The Effects of the War/Era of Good Feelings  Increased American Patriotism  Weakened Native American Resistance  US manufacturing grows

MONROE DOCTRINE  Was issued by President James Monroe in 1823  Was actually written by his Secretary of State, John Quincy Adams  Let the world know that the U.S. was now the “protector” of the western hemisphere

MONROE DOCTRINE – No more colonization in North America, Latin America, or South America – The U.S. would not interfere with European affairs, and thus Europe should not interfere in American affairs  The U.S. was prepared to take its place among the most powerful nations in the world