Democratic-Republican Dominance and Westward Expansion
What political party dominated American politics in the early 1800’s? Democratic-Republican Party
What factors caused the United States to expand its territory to the Pacific Ocean before the Civil War? Economic and strategic (military defense) interests “Manifest Destiny”
What territory did the United States purchase during Jefferson’s presidency? Louisiana
From what country did President Jefferson purchase the Louisiana Territory? France
Who did President Jefferson send to explore the Louisiana Territory? Meriwether Lewis William Clark
How did the Louisiana Territory affect the size of the United States? Doubled it
Who served as guide of the Lewis and Clark expedition? Sacajawea
What two countries fought in the War of 1812? United States Great Britain
Who was president during the War of 1812? James Madison
Why did France and Great Britain interfere with American trade during the Napoleonic War? Neither country wanted its enemy to trade with the United States during the war.
Define impressment. The practice of drafting sailors by force
The British navy needed sailors to fight against the French. Why did the British navy stop and board American ships and impress American sailors? The British navy needed sailors to fight against the French.
How did the Jefferson administration respond to British impressment of American sailors? Passed the Embargo Act
What does embargo mean? Refuse to trade
What were two provisions of the Embargo Act? 1) No American ship could leave an American port to go to a foreign port. 2) No foreign ship could load a cargo at an American city.
What American region was hurt by the Embargo Act and why was this true? The New England states The New England economy depended on shipping and trade.
Which political party opposed the Embargo Act? The Federalists
Which state governments threatened to nullify the Embargo Act? New England states
What does it mean to nullify a law? Void it Wipe it out
What did President James Madison do with the Embargo Act? Replaced it with the Non-Intercourse Act
What did the Non-Intercourse Act do? Made trade with Great Britain and France illegal
Why did the Non-Intercourse Act fail? British navy impressed American sailors British navy interfered with American shipping rights as a neutral nation
Why did Western congressmen want war with Great Britain? 1) British interference with American shipping 2) Western expansionism
Who were the War Hawks? Western congressmen who wanted war with Great Britain
Indian attacks on American settlers who lived on the western frontier What did the War Hawks believe the British were encouraging on the western frontier of the United States? Indian attacks on American settlers who lived on the western frontier
Who led the War Hawks? Henry Clay
What did the War Hawks hope the U. S What did the War Hawks hope the U.S. would gain by winning the War of 1812? More territory in the West Canada
What president was responsible for declaring war on Great Britain in 1812? James Madison
What war lasted from 1812 to 1815? The War of 1812
What two countries fought the War of 1812? The United States Great Britain
What region was against the War of 1812? New England
What political party was against the War of 1812? Federalists
How did the Federalists respond to President Madison’s desire to declare war on Great Britain?
The Federalists: 1) Opposed the war 2) Talked about secession 3) Proposed constitutional amendments that were not acted upon
How did the Federalist Party want to limit the power of Congress by constitutional amendment? Limit Congress’ power to: 1) impose embargoes 2) restrict commerce 3) make war 4) admit new states
What was the result of Federalist criticism of the War of 1812? The Federalist Party collapsed The Federalists stopped being an effective political party on the national level
What were two results of the American belief that the U. S What were two results of the American belief that the U.S. won the War of 1812? 1) The U.S. claimed the Oregon territory 2) More American settlers moved into Florida
What territory did the United States acquire in 1819? Florida
From what country did the United States acquire Florida? Spain
What two countries signed the Adams-Onis Treaty? The United States Spain
What territory did the Adams-Onis Treaty give the United States? Florida
The Adams-Onis Treaty
What issue did the Monroe Doctrine involve? Foreign Policy
What set forth the basic principles of American foreign policy from 1823 until the end of the 19th century? The Monroe Doctrine
What were the 4 points of the Monroe Doctrine?
No more European colonies in the Americas Countries in Western Hemisphere were republics; countries in Europe were monarchies If European countries threatened any country in Americas, then they threatened the United States U.S. would stay out of European affairs
What continents are in the Western Hemisphere? North America South America
What is a republic? A Representative Democracy The People elect representatives to make the laws
Who rules in monarchies? Kings and Queens
What was the most important point of the Monroe Doctrine? European countries should stay out of the affairs of the Western Hemisphere
What precedent did the Monroe Doctrine set for American presidents ? American presidents would consider it a threat to the United States, if European countries meddled with countries in the Western Hemisphere
According to the Monroe Doctrine, what would the U. S According to the Monroe Doctrine, what would the U.S. use to protect its interests in the Western Hemisphere? Military Force
Westward Movement Economic Development What were two trends in American life during the first half of the 19th century? Westward Movement Economic Development
Why did Americans move west during the first half of the 19th century? Economic opportunity Wanted land, both to own and to farm
What two transportation improvements encouraged westward movement and economic development? Canals Railroads
Who invented the cotton gin? Eli Whitney
What did the cotton gin do? Separated cotton seeds from the cotton fiber
What did the cotton gin cause to spread throughout the Deep South? The “Cotton Kingdom” based on African-American slavery
Did the cotton gin increase or decrease the demand for slaves? Increased
What resulted from American immigration into Texas? An armed revolt against Mexican rule
What happened at the Battle of the Alamo? The Mexican army killed all the men defending the Alamo.
What later happened when the Texans defeated the Mexican army? Texas gained its independence from Mexico.
What action did the U.S. eventually take in regard to Texas? Annexed Texas Added Texas to the U.S.
What idea provided political support for territorial expansion? Manifest Destiny
What was Manifest Destiny? The belief that it was God’s will for the United States to stretch from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean
What war lasted from 1846 to 1848? The Mexican War
What two countries fought in the Mexican War? The United States Mexico
Who won the Mexican War? The United States
What was the Mexican Cession? The territory the United States got from Mexico at the end of the Mexican War
What present-day states were part of the Mexican Cession?
California Nevada Utah Arizona part of Colorado part of New Mexico