The War of 1812 How it effected America

What are some major events leading to The War of 1812? US shipping was being harassed, and cargo was being seized. Britain required licenses for ships bound for Europe France confiscated cargo from licensed ships The British encouraged Tecumseh and the Shawnee to attack Americans in the Indiana Territory. (Battle of Tippecanoe) Impressment of American sailors Many British sailors became naturalized US citizens and deserted British vessels and joined American crews. British Navy kidnapped these sailors off American ships and had them rejoin the British Navy

What are some major events leading to The War of 1812? Economic Diplomacy Fails Embargo Act of 1807 halted all trade with Europe Embargo is a government ban on trade with other countries Embargo was unpopular in port cities, especially in the North

What does embargo mean? A.) To Capture a Ship B.) To ban all trade with a country C.) To go to bed D.) To Fight a War

Jefferson Farewell Enter James Madison Jefferson did not want to run for a 3 rd term Madison was Jefferson’s Secretary of State Madison was an author of 30 of the 81 the Federalist Papers (including No. 10 and No. 51) Considered the most important contributor to the Constitution

What was Madison’s role leading up to The War of 1812? Non-Intercourse Act Forbade trade with France and Britain; however President could reopen trade when either France or Britain lifted restrictions War Hawks Southern congressmen favored war, even though it hurt the east

The War Hawks opposed war with Great Britain. A.) True B.) False

What were some of the benefits of going to war with Britain? Why did the War Hawks want war? To allow reopening of trade National Pride To stop the impresment of sailors CANADA!!!

What were some drawbacks to going to war? Not everyone in the US wanted to go to war Military was small Standing Army was small Militia comprised most of our forces, and they did not like to fight outside of their state borders Navy was quite small only 22 ships Britain was a great Superpower and could crush us like a bug and we could lose territory that was gained in the Treaty of Paris or the Louisiana Purchase What would happen if happen in the United States lost to Great Britain?

Declaration of War June of 1812 Madison asked Congress for declaration of war Vote was split along regional lines War started with Invasion of Canada

Two Phases of War Phase 1 – Britain concentrated on its war with France Little energy was spent on fighting America U.S. Built a Navy Small Navy – but very fast USS Constitution & USS United States

Key Battles US Burns York (now Toronto) US figured the Canadians would welcome the Americans and quickly join the US to expel Britain from North America…this did not happen Commadore Oliver Hazzard Perry Defeated the British on Lake Erie This gave the US control of Lake Erie Britain Blockades the Eastern Seaboard This prevented shipping from leaving, and made the war more unpopular in the Northeast Battle of Lake Champlain The US defeats the British

Which of the following was not a key battle during phase one of the War of 1812? A.) The Battle of Lake Erie B.) The Battle of Lake Champlain C.) The Battle of New Orleans D.) The Battle of York

Two Phases of War Phase 2 – 1814 Great Britain defeated Napolean and the French Great Britain turns their attention to the U.S. Great Britain attacks the Americans with all forces

British Attack Washington DC In August 1814, British Forces Sailed into Chesapeake Bay to capture Washington D.C. They burn the White House and the Capitol Madison and Congress Barely escape

Dolly Madison “I have had a wagon filled with…the most valuable portable articles belonging to the house…I insist on waiting until the large picture of General Washington is secured.” -Dolly Madison

On To Baltimore British head to Baltimore Merchants sink their own ships to stop British from ships from sailing in Guarded by the Star-Shaped Fort McHenry

Why did the American Merchants sink their own ships? A.) To prevent British ships from sailing into the harbor B.) To collect insurance C.) To destroy their exports D.) Because they were drunk

Battle of Baltimore Huge Flag flew over Ft. McHenry 42 Feet X 30 Feet The British attacked for 25 hours The fort did not fall Baltimore was saved What might have happened if Baltimore had fallen to the British?

Oh Say Can You See… Unlike D.C., Baltimore was Ready for the British The City militia inflicted heavy casualties on the British After bombarding Fort McHenry on September 13, 1814 The British abandon the attack Francis Scott Key witnessed the bombardment and penned a poem which becomes the National Anthem.

The Star-Spangled Banner Oh, say, can you see, by the dawn's early light, What so proudly we hailed at the twilight's last gleaming? Whose broad stripes and bright stars, thro' the perilous fight' O'er the ramparts we watched, were so gallantly streaming. And the rockets red glare, the bombs bursting in air, Gave proof through the night that our flag was still there. Oh, say, does that star-spangled banner yet wave O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave?

Treaty of Ghent Treaty was Negotiated in Europe and was signed on Dec. 24, 1814 ending the war of 1812 The War ended in a stalemate, where no party gained or lost any territory. The issue of impressment was not addressed, but faded on its own.

What was the name of the Treaty that ended "The War of 1812?" A.) The Treaty of Paris of 1763 B.) The Treaty of Paris of 1783 C.) The Treaty of Tordesillas D.) The Treaty of Ghent

Battle of New Orleans Fought after the treaty was signed (but not ratified) Why was New Orleans important? Pirates and Frontiersman fought alongside US troops Made Andrew Jackson a National hero and household name Ensured treaty ratification

If The War of 1812 ended in a tie, why was it important? Native American tribes in midwest lost their ally, Britain; quickens westward expansion American manufacturing began to accelerate especially in New England when cut off from European imports. Gave the United States a National Identity We were able to hold our own against the British Started us thinking about continuing westward expansion Ended bad feelings toward the British Creates a hero in Andrew Jackson and the William Henry Harrison

What battle never had to be fought because a treaty had already been signed? A.) The Battle of New Orleans B.) The Battle of the Bulge C.) The Battle of York D.) The Battle of Lake Erie

Who saved the picture of George Washington from the White House? A.) Martha Washington B.) Dolly Madison C.) Abigail Adams D.) Mortisha Adams

Who was President of the United States during the War of 1812? A.) Thomas Jefferson B.) John Adams C.) James Madison D.) Andrew Jackson

Who won the "War of 1812?" A.) British B.) French C.) Americans D.) It was a Tie