Jeffersonian Era

The text’s authors believed that the Louisiana Purchase was “the most glorious achievement of Jefferson as president”. Do you agree? Why or why not? Assess the Jeffersonian presidency. What do you think were his three most important legacies? Explain your choices

Election of 1800 Burr Republican candidates: Jefferson & Aaron Burr

Election of 1800 Tie vote  Lame Duck Federalist House of Representatives 36 ballots before Jefferson backed; Hamilton supported TJ over Burr Lead to 12th Amendment (new rules for electing president and vice president)

The Finale of Federalists & Jefferson’s Restraint

Jefferson the Man Wanted democratic society of small, independent farmers Favored limited government, popular education, protection of civil liberties Revolution of 1800: triumph of common citizen over the aristocracy, peaceful transition to another party

Death of Federalists “halfway house between European past & American future”

Jefferson as President… Alien & Sedition acts expired Naturalization law of 1802 – 5 yrs Congressional repeal of whisky tax Cut back army & navy Replaced some Federalist officeholders Repealed Judiciary Act of 1801 (eliminating Adams’Midnight Judges)

Jefferson as President… Mostly continued Hamilton’s financial program Kept many federalists in office Continued isolationist policy Used lose interpretation of Constitution when it suited him…

John Marshall & Supreme Court Federalist who served 34 years Marbury v. Madison (1803)  judicial review

Barbary Pirates

Louisiana Purchase (1803) Importance of Mississippi River & New Orleans Napoleon offers all of Louisiana Territory Constitutional Problems with purchase Lewis & Clark, Zebulon Pike expeditions

Meanwhile…The Napoleonic Wars

1. Napoleonic Wars 1806  Berlin Decrees [“Continental System”] 1806  Britain issued the “Orders in Council.” 1807  Milan Decrees 1808-1811  Britain impressed over 6,000 American sailors.

Napoleonic Wars: GB v. France Britain & France blockade each other American ships make profits running blockades British impress American sailors

Napoleonic Wars: GB v. France Chesapeake-Leopard Affair (1807)

2. Chesapeake-Leopard “Affair” June 21, 1807. Br. Captain fired on the USS Chesapeake. 3 dead, 18 wounded. Br. Foreign Office said it was a mistake. Jefferson’s Response: Forbade Br. ships to dock in American ports. Ordered state governors to call up as much as 100,000 militiamen.

3. The Embargo Act (1807) The “OGRABME” Turtle

Embargo Act (1807-1809) No US trade w/ foreign countries Little effect on GB & France Federalists, South, & West oppose Non-Intercourse Act repeals, but continues no trade w/ GB, France

Madison & Drift to War James Madison succeeds Jefferson

4. The Non-Intercourse Act (1809) Replaced the Embargo Act. Remained U. S. policy until 1812. Unexpected Consequences: N. Eng. was forced to become self-sufficient again [old factories reopened]. Laid the groundwork for US industrial power. Jefferson, a critic of an industrial America, ironically contributed to Hamilton’s view of the US!!! Macon Bill No. 2: Madison dupe of Napoleon

5. Br. Instigation of Indians British General Brock Meets with Tecumseh

Madison & Drift to War Southern & Western War Hawks, demand war against Britain, Spain Leaders: John C. Calhoun (SC) and Henry Clay (KY) Madison asks Congress to declare war in 1812 Madison

“War Hawks” John C. Calhoun [SC] Henry Clay [KY]

Presidential Election of 1812

“Mr. Madison’s War!”

American Problems The US was unprepared militarily: Had a 12-ship navy vs. Britain’s 800 ships. Americans disliked a draft  preferred to enlist in the disorganized state militias. Financially unprepared: Flood of paper $. Revenue from import tariffs declined. Regional disagreements.

War of 1812

Overview of the War of 1812

3 U. S. Invasions of 1812

Campaigns of 1813

Wartime Events (1812-1815) US failure to conquer Canada British counterattack from Canada thwarted US privateers at first successful, but later beaten

Wartime Events (1812-1815) Washington DC captured, partially burned (Ft. McHenry withstands bombardment, inspiring Star Spangled Banner)

Battle of Fort McHenry, 1814 Oh Say Can You See By the Dawn’s Early Light… -- Francis Scott Key

Gave proof through the night, That our flag was still there..

Attack on Ft. Oswego, 1814

Hartford Convention December, 1814 – January, 1815 New England Considers Cecession!

Treaty of Ghent December 24, 1814

Wartime Events (1812-1815) Andrew Jackson defeats British at New Orleans, becomes a national hero

The Battle of New Orleans, 1815

The Battle of New Orleans, 1815

Jackson’s Florida Campaigns

Treaty of Ghent (1814) Status-quo… No mention of impressments, but European war over so moot point

Results of War Growth of American nationalism Strengthening of isolationism Increase in westward migration Encouragement of US industry Hartford Convention  disappearance of Federalist Party