JAMES MADISON JONNY BENT, ZACH EPSTEIN, JESS LISOWSKI

BACKGROUND INFORMATION Born March 16 th, 1751 Born March 16 th, 1751 Lived on a Plantation in Virginia Lived on a Plantation in Virginia Studied Law but did not like it Studied Law but did not like it In 1774, he took a seat on a local safety committee, a pro-revolution group that oversaw the militia In 1774, he took a seat on a local safety committee, a pro-revolution group that oversaw the militia

BACKGROUND INFORMATION Madison expanded into other political offices throughout his life before his presidency Madison expanded into other political offices throughout his life before his presidency Took interest to politics during revolutionary years Took interest to politics during revolutionary years Madison wrote the majority of the Constitution Madison wrote the majority of the Constitution

James Madison’s Home James Madison’s First Lady, Dolley Madison

PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS Republican Party Republican Party Defeated Charles Cotesworth Pickney Defeated Charles Cotesworth Pickney Federalists were against the Embargo- prohibited American ships from leaving the US to go to foreign ports Federalists were against the Embargo- prohibited American ships from leaving the US to go to foreign ports Created Limited Embargo on Britain and led to war of 1812 Created Limited Embargo on Britain and led to war of 1812 ELECTION OF 1808

PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS Republican Republican Defeated DeWitt Clinton Defeated DeWitt Clinton The war of 1812 got Madison re-elected because the country was going into war and it would be detrimental to switch office The war of 1812 got Madison re-elected because the country was going into war and it would be detrimental to switch office Madison served his second term to fight and win the war of 1812 Madison served his second term to fight and win the war of 1812 ELECTION OF 1812

MAJOR ISSUES 1 st Term 1. GB + France hinder US trade and ships. - GB Impressment  US Crews (GB ports in the US) - GB sinks “Chesapeake”  Republicans want war - Non Intercourse Act expires  replaced with Macon’s 2 nd Bill  commercial relations w/ GB + France but President has authority to prohibit trade 2. Tecumseh + Prophet unite Tribes + resist US expansion - GB in Canada helps Indians - Will Henry Harrison attacks Prophetstown  destroys influence of 2 Indian leaders

MAJOR ISSUES 1 st TERM 3. Slaves escaping into Florida - Indians in Florida attack white settlers - white settlers want Florida ports (trade in the gulf) - US settlers in Florida seize Baton Rouge + Madison annexes territory  plans to take Florida. - Ppl want war w/ GB b/c they were allies w/ Spain + gave Natives weapons  gives an excuse to take Florida

EFFECTIVENESS 1 st TERM 1. France announces it will not interfere with US shipping - GB economy hurt by embargo  repeals blockade of Europe but too late to prevent war 2. Tecumseh + Indian troops raid white settlement from Michigan to Mississippi in June 18 th, 1812: US declares war on GB - War Hawks (Western Congressmen) want war - country is split into parties.

MAJOR ISSUES 2 nd TERM 1. Battles with Tribes in war of 1812: -Canada: US Losing early battles vs GB - US continues to attack Canada and Great Lakes 2. Creeks Indians in Florida attacking Border States - Andrew Jackson fights back and slaughters women, children, and Native Amer warriors in Battle of Horseshoe Bend 3. GB burns Washington DC + advances to Baltimore  US stops them at battle of Plattsburgh - US Army guards Baltimore and sinks ships in the harbor to block Brit ships

MAJOR ISSUES 2 nd TERM 4. GB attacks New Orleans - Andrew Jackson organizes troops to counter  sets up fortification to protect troops 5. Feds in NE don’t like war and want to separate from the union. - Feds meet at Hartford convention to discuss grievances and demand amendments to the Constitution 6. Agreeing on treaty with Great Britain - GB no longer at war with Napoleon. The negotiations had been going on since the beginning of the war - Treaty of Ghent finally singed December 25 th, 1814

EFFECTIVENESS 2 nd TERM 1. Harrison wins battle at Thames River  kills Tecumseh which greatly weakened Native American forces - US successfully destroys last of Indian resistance in North 2. Breaks Creeks resistance + they give up land to US - Andrew Jackson becomes major general in the US Army; on November 7 th, 1814 he moves into Florida and seizes the Spanish port Pensacola - US effectively invades Florida + eventually makes Florida a territory 3. US repels the British attack on Baltimore and the battle of Plattsburgh + successfully secures the North Border of the US

EFFECTIVENESS 2 nd TERM 4. British troops at NO unprotected; got crushed wave after wave  GB have 700 dead, 1,100 wounded and 500 are prisoners  US lost 8 w/13 wounded - Battle of NO occurred after Treaty of Ghent was signed b/c news took time to get to North America - effectively finalizes the fighting and ends war w/ triumphant US victory 5. Soon after NE made demands to Congress, news of the treaty and Andrew Jackson’s victory reached North  Hartford convention and Fed party’s issues become irrelevant - Fed party influence finally destroyed by Republican and Madison 6. GB keeps Canada and continues impressment - GB gives up a call for an Indian buffer territory and more treaties follow like the Rush Bagot treaty - disarmament on Great lakes(border peace between US and Canada treaty- US has free trade with Britain and the Indians were supposed to get land back and but did not, so whites continued to expand west.

QUOTE "KNOWLEDGE WILL FOREVER GOVERN IGNORANCE; AND A PEOPLE WHO MEAN TO BE THEIR OWN GOVERNORS MUST ARM THEMSELVES WITH THE POWER WHICH KNOWLEDGE GIVES"(MADISON).

BIBLIOGRAPHY BrainyQuote. Xplore, n.d. Web. 01 Dec "James Madison." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 29 Nov Web. 30 Nov "Miller Center." American President: James Madison: Life Before the Presidency. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Dec