Section 23.3.  Explain the reasons why the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor  Evaluate the decision for Germany to declare war on the United States  Describe.

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Presentation transcript:

Section 23.3

 Explain the reasons why the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor  Evaluate the decision for Germany to declare war on the United States  Describe what the Doolittle raid did for American morale

 US places embargo on Japan Stopping trade on oil, iron ore, fuel, steel and rubber  Hideki Tojo became Japanese Minister of War

 United States ultimate position on Japanese expansion – NOV 26, 1941 Withdraw troops from Indo-China and China Accept Chaing Kai-Shek as leader of China Remove Japan from Tripartite Pact  This position undermined Japanese power greatly

 Admiral Yamamoto planned the attack Opposed the Tripartite Pact  Vice Admiral Nagumo commanded the attack on Pearl Harbor

 2500 people killed  8 battleships severely damaged  3 destroyers left unusable  3 light cruisers damaged  160 aircraft destroyed 128 damaged  Aircraft carriers were out at sea on a training mission. All were left intact

 Congress votes 388 to 1 to declare war on Japan  Because of the Tripartite Pact, Hitler and Mussolini declare war on the US At this point in the war Hitler is fighting Britain in the west, Soviet Union in the East and has now declared war on the United States.

 With the American fleet in the Pacific severely crippled, Japan has free reign in the pacific.  Japan takes Guam, Wake Island and Hong Kong  Japanese invade the Philippines

 General Douglas MacArthur Commander of US forces in the Philippines  Forced to retreat from Manila to Corregidor Island

 MacArthur was ordered to evacuate to Australia  Forces on Corregidor Island dug in and fought for 5 months May 1942 – 75,000 Allied soldiers surrendered.  American Prisoners of War were forced to march 55 miles to reach a railway and then forced to march another 8 miles

 9,300 Americans and 45,000 Filipinos arrived in camp after the Death March  Approximately 7,000 Filipino troops died and 1,000 American POW’s died on the march

 Doolittle Raid – April 1942 Goal was to “Bring the war home to the Japanese” 16 B-25 bombers sent to Tokyo on a bombing mission Proved a minimal military gain, but the attack boosted American morale as well as threatened the safety of the Japanese Emperor. Out of the 80 soldiers who volunteered, 71 made it home

 May 1942 – Japanese and American aircraft carriers engaged in battle First fight in the sea that enemy ships never sighted each other  Exclusively an air battle Forced the Japanese to call off their attack on New Guinea Marked a shift in momentum for the war in the Pacific

 Explain the reasons why the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor  Evaluate the decision for Germany to declare war on the United States  Describe what the Doolittle raid did for American morale