The Cold War Communists Take Power in China Wars in Korea and Vietnam The Cold War Divides the World

Communists Take Power in China

Communists vs Nationalists Nationalists & Communists fought for control in China during 1930s Joined forces to fight Japan during WWII After WWII, fighting continued,1946-1949 Communists Nationalists Mao Zedong Jiang Jieshi Northwest China Southwest China Soviet supported US supported

Communists vs Nationalists Communists well trained in guerilla war Communists promised land to peasants 1949, Communists won the civil war Nationalists fled to Taiwan

Communists vs Nationalists 1. What two groups fought the civil war? 2. Who led them? 3. Who won the civil war and why?

The Two Chinas Affect the Cold War US helped Nationalists create new government “Republic of China” Soviets helped Mao Zedong & his government “People’s Republic of China” Communist China tried to expand power Invaded Mongolia, Tibet and India

The Two Chinas Affect the Cold War 4. How did the superpowers take sides with the two Chinas? 5. Which side did each superpower support?

The Communists Transform China Mao Zedong plans to rebuild China Seized land from landowners, gave to peasants Created collective farms, communes Land belonged to the group (no private property) Took control of China’s industries Increased production of industrial goods Coal, cement, steel, electricity

The Communists Transform China “Great Leap Forward” Create larger, more productive farms Take Plan failed 1958-1961: famine killed millions

The Communists Transform China Mao tried to revive revolution, “Cultural Revolution” Goal: society of peasants & workers in which all were equal “Red Guards,” militia of student-soldiers (teenagers) “learn revolution by making revolution” Shut down schools Killed thousands that resisted mostly intellectuals that were against revolution

End of “Cultural Revolution” China in chaos Factories shut down Farm production dropped End of “Cultural Revolution”

The Communists Transform China 6. What are changes that Mao made to China? 7. Why do you think the Revolution failed?

Wars in Korea and Vietnam

War in Korea Korea divided into 2 nations after WWII North of 38th parallel, Japan surrendered to Soviets South of 38th parallel, Japan surrendered to Allies

War in Korea 1950 North Korea invaded South Korea US & other UN nations sent troops to help South Korea General Douglas MacArthur led the attack on North Korea 1953: cease-fire 38th parallel remains dividing line

War in Korea North Korea: Communist government South Korea: dictators Strong army, tight gov’t control Economic problems South Korea: dictators US aid: helped economy grow 1987 began elections

War in Korea 8. Describe the division of Korea? BrainPop: Korean War

War Breaks out in Vietnam France had control of Vietnam for ~100yrs Nationalist leader, Ho Chi Minh, defeated French after WWII Ho Chi Minh received aid from Communists US fearful of domino theory: if one country falls to communism, surrounding countries will, too Vietnam was split in two

War Breaks out in Vietnam North Vietnam South Vietnam Ho Chi Minh Ngo Dinh Diem Communist, Non-Communist Vietcong: rebel fighters Support from China & Soviet Union Support from US & Allies

War Breaks out in Vietnam US sent troops to help Vietnam to prevent entire country from becoming communist Many Americans opposed the war Vietnamization: US pulls out of the war, 1973 North Vietnam overran the South Vietnam still Communist today

War Breaks Out in Vietnam 9. What is the domino theory? 10. What happened in Vietnam after the United States withdrew? BrainPop Vietnam War

The Cold War Divides the World

Fighting for the Third World After WWII, world is grouped into THREE “worlds” First World: United States & Allies Second World: Soviet Union & Communist Nations Third World: developing nations of Africa, Asia & Latin America

Fighting for the Third World Third World nations: serious problems from colonialism Political unrest Poverty Lack of education Limited or no technology Many tried to remain non-aligned, to stay out of Cold War

Fighting for the Third World 11. What problems did Third World nations face?

Fighting for the Third World Fidel Castro, a revolutionary overthrew Cuban government Social reforms, ended elections, jailed/executed opponents, censorship Nationalized economy (took away private ownership) US began trade embargo Gained economic support from Soviet Union Soviets placed nuclear missiles in Cuba US & Soviet Union ALMOST went to war

Fighting for the Third World US supported dictator in Nicaragua Government fell to Communist rebels Led by Daniel Ortega Nicaragua began to support Communist rebels in El Salvador US began to aid Nicaraguan rebels fighting against communist Civil war continued for 10 years

The Cold War Divides the World