Barber Surgeon’s Hall, Monkwell Square, Wood Street Seminar on IACS QSCS Independent Assessment and Certification Meeting with Accredited Certification Bodies Barber Surgeon’s Hall, Monkwell Square, Wood Street London, 22 September 2009

Agenda Aims of the seminar Introduction Current IACS QSCS Quality Management Review Revised IACS QSCS Requirements Certification Process Requirements for contracting independent Accredited Certification Bodies Dragos Rauta INTERTANKO Chairman Quality Advisory Committee Roberto Cazzulo RINA Chairman Small Group Quality Policy Peter Williams Quality Secretary IACS Ltd Hans Frivold DNV Chairman Quality Committee Hans Frivold DNV Peter Williams IACS QS Bob Giuffra ABS Member Quality Committee

Dragos Rauta INTERTANKO Chairman IACS Quality Advisory Committee Aims of the Seminar Dragos Rauta INTERTANKO Chairman IACS Quality Advisory Committee

Aims To convene Accredited Certification Bodies, selected by IACS Members, and other interested parties in order to discuss the systems, processes and mechanisms that need to be put in place to assess and certify the classification societies’ compliance with IACS QSCS requirements to ensure the independence, robustness and consistency of the audit and assessment process as well as being sufficiently and appropriately transparent to those parties that oversee the processes and rely on its integrity, in view of continuous IACS QSCS improvements

Roberto Cazzulo, RINA Chairman IACS Small Group Quality Policy Introduction Roberto Cazzulo, RINA Chairman IACS Small Group Quality Policy

History Three years ago, in 2006, IACS embarked on a major restructuring of its Quality System Certification Scheme (QSCS), which started in 1992, to ensure alignment with ISO/IEC 17021 “Conformity Assessment – Requirements for Bodies providing Audit and Certification of Management Systems” More recently, IACS committed itself to make QSCS freely available and able to be applied both to those presently being members or associated members of IACS (being QSCS a key criterion for membership) and to any other classification society that wishes to adopt and apply the QSCS requirements on a voluntary basis

What is QSCS? A formal and structured Certification Scheme applicable to Quality Management Systems of Classification Societies, requiring compliance with ISO9001:2000, supplemented by and incorporating EN/ISO17020 requirements as well as other specific requirements identified through experience The IACS Quality Management System requirements include standards applicable to classification societies ISO 9001 / ISO 17020 IMO A.739/A.789 technical and procedural requirements IACS UR, UI, PR, CSR

How is QSCS currently structured? IACS COUNCIL QUALITY COMMITTEE ADVISORY IACS QUALITY SECRETARIAT Quality Management Review Report to Council Senior figures of maritime interested parties independent of classification societies

How is the IACS Quality Secretariat (Operations Centre) currently structured? QUALITY SECRETARY (Southampton) Secretary Lead Auditor Lead Auditor Lead Auditor Sub-contract auditor Sub-contract auditor Sub-contract auditor Sub-contract auditor Sub-contract auditor Sub-contract auditor Sub-contract auditor

Present IACS QSCS Auditors Engineers or Naval Architects Good knowledge of: - the shipping industry the role and function of class societies previous experience working in a class society or flag administration Experienced and qualified auditors, including sub-contract auditors No current affiliation with any classification society or recognised organisation

QSCS Principles “Independence” establishing a system were compliance with QSCS shall be assessed by independent Accredited Certification Bodies “Robustness” of QSCS including both quality management system and minimum technical and procedural requirements “Consistency” involving and agreeing with Accredited Certification Bodies suitable methods for gathering results of QSCS audits “Continuous improvements” monitoring and gathering feedback from audits in order to identify horizontal findings and areas of improvement of the QSCS as a whole

Accredited Certification Bodies Each Member society shall select an ACB for QSCS assessment and certification The Member society shall confirm that the selected ACB meets minimum requirements necessary for auditing CS in accordance with the QSCS requirements A classification society (not Member of IACS) may request any ACB to assess and certify their QMS compliance with the QSCS on a voluntary basis Any new ACB willing to be involved shall follow the same scheme agreed by IACS with the previously selected ACBs

QSCS Revised Flow-chart External IACS A Appeal Council Body IACS Members C IACS Quality IACS Quality IACS Quality Committee Advisory Secretary Committee Accredited Certification B Bodies Roles of various bodies:- A. Appeal of withdraw or rejection of IACS membership B. ACB’s independent audit & certification in accordance with QSCS requirements C. Information from Societies or ACBs to the Quality Secretary in order to produce annual Quality Management Review reports

Roles of various Bodies “Quality Secretary” shall collect and make neutral the audit findings in order to report QSCS horizontal findings on an yearly basis (Quality Management Review) “Quality Committee” shall adopt continuous QSCS improvements considering the outcome of the QMR, Quality Advisory Committee input and changes to ISO, IMO and other related standards. ”Quality Advisory Committee” shall measure the effectiveness of IACS quality policy and procedures and changes to quality related documents which influence quality policy to make advice on continuous QSCS improvements

Alignment with the EU system Recognised Organisations EMSA QACE External Quality Assessment Bodies 1 2 3 4 7 8 6 Commission COSS Member States 9 10 5 Industry Associations Legend COSS – Committee on Safe Seas and Prevention of Pollution from Ships EMSA - European Maritime Safety Agency EURO - European Recognised Organisation QACE - Quality Assessment and Certification Scheme 1. Set up and maintenance Audit and certification Possible request for assistance Reporting to the Commission Industry advice Request for inspection Inspection Recognition Authorisation Sanctions and appeals

Current IACS QSCS Quality Management Review Peter Williams Quality Secretary IACS Ltd

Purpose of this presentation To explain for the benefit of ACB’s and non-IACS Societies the annual IACS QMR process the methodology the information required the presentation of the QMR resulting actions and follow-up It is based on the most recent QMR presented to IACS Council in June 2009

IACS Annual QMR Process: Objective: Quality Secretary reports annually to IACS Council (QC under new scheme) based on audit findings and published PSC data Addresses the input from Advisory Committee Objective: To identify common or “horizontal” issues Identify possible root causes and propose appropriate recommendations Enable Members to gauge their own performance To enhance overall performance To identify improvements to the system

Total number of findings Shows in absolute numbers trend of nonconformities and observations raised over recent years IACS QMR takes a broad over-view, identifies “horizontal issues” and drills- down into the detail of findings to establish root cause and derive recommendations for improvement

Total number of findings Over-view showing sections of QSMR where most nonconformities are raised 6.2.2 Competence & training 7.5 Service Delivery Improving trends 4.2 Documentation

Measurement, analysis & improvement QSCS observations Over-view showing sections of QSMR where most observations are raised Planning Measurement, analysis & improvement Service delivery

Analysis of horizontal issues Requirement No. Societies NCs Observations DOCUMENT’N(4.2) 10/10 14/9 32/42 QMS PLANNING AND QUALITY OBJECTIVES (5.4) 10/6 4/4 21/8 COMPETENCE (6.2.2) 10/11 19/22 28/57 SURVEY PLAN’G (7.1) 9/10 25/18 57/45 CUST’R REL’D (7.2) 10/7 5/4 10/12 PR1A (pt1) 9/6 11/7 6/4 PR1A (pt2) 8/10 8/8 10/13 PR 6 (AM) 9/5 5/3 12/6 PR 7 (TRNG) 11/11 19/18 37/54 PR 9 (ISM) 11/9 12/16 PR 17 (ISM) 8/4 10/9 PR 19 (TM) 8/9 14/10 15/7 Horizontal issues, transcend several societies Items in left hand column identified as having attracted more than the average number of findings Those identified as showing a worsening trend are looked at in more detail to try and establish “root cause”

Analysis of individual findings Not reported here but another mechanism we currently use is “Audit Input”. Difference in interpretation between auditor and auditee TOC case currently under consideration by IACS GPG together with input from QC and AVC PR1A pt 1 (Suspension and Withdrawal) – good improvement PR1A pt2 (TOC) – still evidence to suggest survey requirements are not being adhered to as well as they might as opposed to administrative reporting deadlines not being met. RECOMMENDATION : Ensure that the supervisory system to monitor the work carried out is properly understood and implemented at survey locations.

Focus areas Tracking of Focus Areas, agreed by Council 2007 2008 2009 PR7 & PR6 PR17 PR17 & PR9 PR35 (Too early) PR35 (01.07.08) PR35 PR32 & PR29 Gen Cargo Ships Eqpt & Matl VLCC to VLOC URZ23 (too early, for each Society IA) URZ23 Vertical management controls Supervisory system QSCS reqt + KPIs Tracking of Focus Areas, agreed by Council Proposed by Quality Secretary on basis of audit results and discussion with Lead Auditors

Revised IACS QSCS Requirements Hans Frivold DNV Chairman IACS Quality Committee

Brief history Established 1991 Updated over the years with changes in ISO 9001 and with changes in IMO resolutions and IACS technical procedures Revised 2009 to allow general use

Main structure of QMS requirements Ch. 0 – Introduction Ch. 1 – Definition of Scope Ch. 2 – References – Normative and included Ch. 3 – Terms and definitions Ch. 4 – Ch. 8 QMS Requirements

Compliant with ISO 9001 All requirements of ISO 9001 are applicable but not repeated in QMS requirements All IACS QMS requirements should be read as supplements or specific additional requirements to the subject ISO 9001 clause

ISO9001 compliance - example 5.6.1 General The interval between the management reviews shall not be more than 12 months. Following to be read from ISO 9001: 5.6.1 General Top management shall review the organization‘s quality management system, at planned intervals, to ensure its continuing suitability, adequacy and effectiveness. This review shall include assessing opportunities for improvement and the need for changes to the quality management system, including the quality policy and quality objectives. Records from management reviews shall be maintained (see 4.2.4). The interval between the management reviews shall not be more than 12 months.

Normative references Documents that constitute essential provisions for the application of the QMSR and are fully applicable Not quoted or written in the QMSR In addition to ISO9000 and ISO 9001 to be applied to QMS, normative references are: IACS Technical Resolutions: IACS Unified Requirements (UR). IACS Unified Interpretations (UI) IACS Procedural Requirements (PR). IACS Common Structural Rules [for tankers and bulk carriers] (CSR) Technical Resolutions are mainly included in CS Rules and/or work instructions used by the Society

Included requirements Included requirements are mandatory requirements for CS “As is” they may not relate only to a CS, but may also give requirements to other organisations (e.g. Flag Adm.) Therefore only parts applicable to CS are included The requirements are partly imbedded in the requirements of QMSR IACS Technical Resolutions (particularly PR) The Instructions to Surveyors of the CS

ISO / IEC 17020 GENERAL CRITERIA FOR THE OPERATION OF VARIOUS TYPES OF BODIES PERFORMING INSPECTION Most requirements related to QMS is covered by ISO9001 Applicable requirements are included in “Additional CS specific requirements” (QMSR Ch. 4.3) related to: Administrative and legal requirements Requirements related to independence, impartiality and integrity

IMO Res. A739(18) GUIDELINES FOR THE AUTHORIZATION OF ORGANIZATIONS ACTING ON BEHALF OF THE ADMINISTRATION Mandatory by SOLAS CHAPTER XI-1 Regulation 1 from 1998 Determine a set of Minimum Standards for the RO acting on behalf of the Administration Require a formal written agreement between the Administration and the RO Require procedures for communication and for Flag’s verification and monitoring Gives a set of minimum standards for recognized organizations acting on behalf of the administration (Appendix 1) Requirements relates to size, structure, experience, capabilities and that the RO maintains a QMS certified by an independent body of auditors recognized by the Administration

IMO Res. A789(19) SPECIFICATIONS ON THE SURVEY AND CERTIFICATION FUNCTIONS OF RO ACTING ON BEHALF OF THE ADMINISTRATION Mandatory by SOLAS CHAPTER XI-1 Regulation 1 from 1998 Specifies modules of competence, capability and capacity to organize, manage, control and carry out the performance of survey and certification functions Modules for: Management Technical appraisal Surveys Qualifications and training Gives detailed specifications pertaining to the various statutory certificates Implementation will normally be found in the RO’s Training and Qualification System

of special requirements Brief highlight of special requirements

Ch. 4 Documentation Requirements The Quality Management System shall ensure that all “Fundamental processes” of a CS are controlled and maintained. The “Fundamental Processes” are: Development of Rules Publication of Rules Application of Rules through verification, approval, survey and certification activities Publication of Register of ships (and MOU) Provision of a network of surveyors The Quality Manual shall include (or make reference to) specific information and statements of policy Control of Records shall include at least those relevant to the fundamental processes Ch. 4 contains an additional sub-chapter 4.3 giving additional CS specific requirements, related to: General legal and organisational requirements Impartiality and integrity Independence criteria Confidentiality Cooperation

Ch. 5 Management responsibility Contains several requirements and “Guidance for Application” related to the Fundamental Processes and to the roles as acting on behalf of Administrations The “Fundamental Processes” are: Development of Rules Publication of Rules Application of Rules through verification, approval, survey and certification activities Publication of Register of ships (and MOU) Provision of a network of surveyors

Ch. 6 Resource Management For “Competence, training and awareness” particular reference is made to IMO Res. 789(19) Under “Work environment” particular requirements are give to the safety conditions for surveyors performing survey.

Ch. 7 Product realisation Requirements that planning activities take appropriate consideration to the role as RO That customer related processes includes both those related to contract holders, and to those who are indirectly customers (e.g. flag states, IMO, EU, public at large) That “Design and Development” relate to the CS Rules and Regulations, and to the performance of Statutory services. That “Purchasing” includes engagements of sub- contractors, non-exclusive surveyors and agents, which need appropriate control That “Production and service provision” (Ch. 7.5) give detailed requirements to the planning, performance, recording and post-delivery activities of surveys That “Customer property” includes documents submitted for approval, reports from service suppliers etc., and documents provided by flag Administrations

Ch. 8 Measurement, analysis and improvement Particular requirements to the Scope, Planning and Effectiveness and efficiency of Internal Audits A particular requirement that the CS shall carry out “Vertical Contract Audit (VCA) within Plan Approval activities and within all main survey processes annually A special Guidance for Application of Vertical Contract Audits is published as IACS Recommendation (IACS REC107). This guide applies to VCA carried out as internal audit as well as by external (certification) audit

Certification Process Hans Frivold DNV Peter Williams IACS Ltd

Transition Period (in 2010) IACS Member Societies and Applicants for IACS Membership, for verification of compliance with QSCS requirements, shall be audited and certified by independent ACBs as well as by the IACS Ltd Operations Centre Non-IACS Member Societies may request independent ACBs to verify their compliance with QSCS requirements on a voluntary basis

Full - Term Period (from 2011) IACS Member Societies and Applicants for IACS Membership shall be solely audited and certified by independent ACBs for verifying their compliance with QSCS requirements the IACS Quality Secretary shall gather the results of ACBs’ audits and prepare periodic Quality Management Review reports for continuous QSCS improvements Non-IACS Member Societies may request independent ACBs to verify their compliance with QSCS requirements on a voluntary basis

CERTIFICATION PROCESS Two periods to consider Transition period (2010) Post-transition period (2011 and beyond) Two audit ‘bodies’ to consider ACB’s (Satisfies stated requirements) IACS QSCS IACS Members and Applicant Societies to consider Other Societies are free to adopt QSCS and arrange audit with an ACB of their choice voluntarily

TRANSITION PERIOD 2010 Classification Societies that apply in 2010 for IACS Membership must be treated the same as existing IACS Member societies

TRANSITION PERIOD 2010 IACS Operations Centre will audit all IACS Members and issue Annual Compliance Report ACB will audit respective IACS Members and issue their own documents Above audits can be conducted either separately or concurrently at the discretion of the society. If a “concurrent audit” is chosen, a documented procedure for the joint audit, including a procedure for complaints, should be developed and approved by the relevant society, АСВ and IACS Operations Centre.

TRANSITION PERIOD 2010 Societies applying in 2010 for IACS Membership will be subject to both IACS QSCS audit and ACB audit They must therefore budget for two sets of audits in terms of money, resources and time

TRANSITION PERIOD 2010 IACS Operations Centre will conduct VCA’s according to fleet size On decision of relevant society and АСВ, ACB auditors may take participation in such VCA’s as observers with purpose for training

TRANSITION PERIOD 2010 IACS Operations Centre will continue to use existing audit procedures and IACS Audit Manager software ACB’s will follow their own audit procedures and reporting processes All audits will be against QMSR 7th issue on web site

END TRANSITION PERIOD AND FOR THE FUTURE Upon satisfactory completion of required audits the ACB will need to issue an ISO 9001:2008 Certificate plus a Statement of Compliance to QSCS Requirements relating to its 3 elements i.e. QSCS Requirements; QMS Requirements; IACS Resolutions Requirements.

POST TRANSITION PERIOD IACS Operations Centre will not audit Classification Societies From 1st January 2011 all audits of IACS Members and IACS Applicant Societies will be undertaken solely by ACB’s Requirements for ACB’s is described in IACS document “Minimum requirements for Accredited Certification Bodies in terms of auditing CS in accordance with QSCS Quality Management System Certification”

POST TRANSITION PERIOD ACB to provide their Society with a self- declaration confirming compliance with the Minimum requirements for Accredited Certification Bodies… IACS Operations Centre will collect copies of the declarations from each Society and these may be verified by the IACS Quality Secretary

POST TRANSITION PERIOD Audit reporting requirements; All reports to be in English IACS Quality Secretary will be required to produce an annual QMR Audit reports are consequently required to be submitted to IACS Quality Secretary in consistent electronic format using IACS Audit Manager software Confidentiality will be maintained by the Quality Secretary

POST TRANSITION PERIOD Reporting requirements of audits; To facilitate collation of information IACS Audit Manager Software to be used Options ACB uses IAM Software and submit reports to Society and Quality Secretary simultaneously; or Society transposes reports to IAM Software and submits to Quality Secretary

ADDITIONAL SUPPORTING ROLE OF QUALITY SECRETARY Support ACB’s in their auditing duties; Update knowledge and training of ACB auditors as relevant documents are revised and updated Provide feedback on relevant industry developments that are relevant to their audit activities Continue as Secretary to AVC and assistance to IACS Quality Committee Identify and advise audit “focus areas”

Bob Giuffra ABS Member of the IACS Quality Committee Requirements for contracting independent Accredited Certification Bodies Bob Giuffra ABS Member of the IACS Quality Committee

Basic Minimum Requirements To audit and certify the quality system of a Class Society against the QSCS the ACB and its audit teams need to meet the following minimum requirements: It shall be a national Accreditation Body which is a member of International Accreditation Forum (IAF) in accordance with ISO-IEC 17021:2006 standard. It shall have accreditation for ISO 9001 certification for the scope covered by either EA Code 34 Engineering services or NACE Code M71 Architectural and Engineering Activities; technical testing and analysis in relation It shall have access to adequate resources to carry out the audits, covering the survey network of the CS, as necessary. It shall have audit teams that have: 4.1 qualification in compliance with ISO 19011 standard, 4.2 relevant knowledge and experience in the marine or related field, such as: a. ship design / building / repair / on-board operations, b. classification and statutory certification services, c. manufacturing of relevant machinery or equipment, or d. metallurgical industry 4.3 completed the IACS QSCS Familiarization Course as appropriate. 4.4 fluency in oral and written English (when necessary, provision should be made by the CS for translation into English, in accordance with IAF guidelines) 5. full independence and no conflict of interest with the CS.

Accredited Certification Body Open to any ACB who complies with the requirements Contract is between the Society and the ACB The audit process with the ACBs is to be as robust as that carried out by IACS auditors. Available to IACS and Non-IACS Societies IACS will provide familiarisation for ACB auditors to explain IACS technical resolutions, the way classification works and the relationship with flag States, shipyards, shipowners and operators, etc.

ACBs’ auditor familiarization with IACS QSCS requirements QMS Requirements – Seventh Edition Based on ISO 9001(2008) Includes elements related to ISO/IEC 17020:2004, General criteria for the operation of various types of bodies performing inspection International Maritime Organization Resolution A.739(18), Guidelines for the authorisation of organizations acting on behalf of the Administration, International Maritime Organization Resolution A.789(19) Specifications on the survey and certification functions of recognised organizations acting on behalf of the Administration QMSR embrace all requirements; IMO resolutions must be addressed; PRs must be addressed and URs provide technical details in support of the PRs; international conventions are statutory and UIs provide clarification in absence of the flag providing its own interpretation

ACBs’ auditor familiarization with IACS QSCS requirements QMS Requirements – Seventh Edition IACS Technical Resolutions, defined as: IACS Unified Requirements (UR). IACS Unified Interpretations (UI) IACS Procedural Requirements (PR). IACS Common Structural Rules [for tankers and bulk carriers] (CSR)

ACBs’ auditor familiarization with IACS QSCS requirements IACS Unified Requirements (UR) IACS member may have a reservation IACS Unified Interpretations (UI) Agreed Interpretation of a international statutory convention where the administration does not possess the same IACS Procedural Requirements (PR) Required for IACS Members IACS Common Structural Rules [for tankers and bulk carriers] (CSR) Required for IACS Members The URs, UIs, PRs and CSR have been recently modified so that they may be applicable to any classification society not just IACS Members

ACBs’ auditor familiarization with IACS QSCS requirements Published on the IACS Website Not every technical resolution is an audit focus every year. Technical resolutions are identified for focus each year normally either based on new requirement or from trending of previous years (QMR).

Unified Requirements Containers Electricity Fire Protection Gas Tankers Machinery Installations Materials and Welding Mobile Offshore Drilling Units Mooring and Anchoring Navigation Piping and Pressure Vessels Polar Class Propellers Strength of Ships Subdivision, Stability and Load Line Survey and Certification

Typical Unified Requirement Z23 Hull Survey for New Construction A comprehensive set of minimum requirements focussing on hull structures as part of the class and statutory certification process of a new building to verify ships comply with relevant rules and regulations… In broad terms, this UR covers: Qualification and monitoring of personnel Survey planning Review of the construction facility Examination and test plan of new building activities Proof of consistency of surveys Ship construction file

Typical Unified Requirement – technical details Z23 Hull Survey for New Construction 1. Scope The scope of this UR includes the following main activities: 1.1 Examination of the parts of the ship covered by classification rules and by applicable statutory regulations for hull construction, to obtain appropriate evidence that they have been built in compliance with the rules and regulations, taking account of the relevant approved drawings. 1.2 Appraisal of the manufacturing, construction, control and qualification procedures, including welding consumables, weld procedures, weld connections and assemblies, with indication of relevant approval tests. 1.3 Witnessing inspections and tests as required in the classification rules used for ship construction including materials, welding and assembling, specifying the items to be examined and/or tested and how (e.g. by hydrostatic, hose or leak testing, non destructive examination, verification of geometry) and by whom. 1.4 Appraisal of material and equipment used for ship construction and their inspection at works is not included in this UR. Details of requirements for hull and machinery steel forgings and castings and for normal and higher strength hull structural steel are given in W7, W8 and W11 respectively. Acceptance of these items is verified through the survey process carried out at the manufacturer’s works and the issuing of the appropriate certificates. Note: 1. This UR is to be uniformly implemented by IACS Societies on ships contracted for construction on or after 1 January 2008. 2. The “contracted for construction” date means the date on which the contract to build the vessel is signed between the prospective owner and the shipbuilder. For further details regarding the date of “contract for construction”, refer to IACS Procedural Requirement (PR) No. 29. 3. The changes introduced in Revision 2 of the UR are to be uniformly implemented by IACS Societies on ships contracted for construction (as defined in IACS PR 29) from 1 July 2010.

Unified Interpretations COLREGS – Collision Regulations Fire Test Procedures High Speed Craft Code IMO Chemical Code Liquified Gases In Bulk Load Line Convention MARPOL Convention Passenger Submersible Craft SOLAS Tonnage Measurement

Typical Unified Interpretations - SOLAS SC7 Precautions against shock, fire and other hazards of electrical origin (Chapter II-1, Regulation 45.2) Text: "Exposed live parts having voltages to earth exceeding a voltage to be specified by the Administration" Interpretation: Voltage values as stated in Regulation 45.1.1.1. SC8 (Chapter II-1, Regulation 45.3.3) <<and special precautions shall be taken to the satisfaction of the Administration>>. 1. All final sub-circuits should consist of two insulated wires, the hull return being achieved by connecting to the hull one of the busbars of the distribution board from which they originate. 2. Earth wires should be in accessible locations to permit their ready examination and to enable their disconnection for testing of insulation.

Common Structural Rules Common Structural Rules are Rules covering requirements for the design of tankers and bulk carriers The interpretation of these requirements are publically available through the IACS website The CSR are in the public domain for use by anyone

ACBs’ audits reporting mechanism to the IACS Quality Secretary The results of findings are reported to the Quality Secretary for the purpose of trending and identifying future focuses etc. External information reporting mechanism must honor confidentiality requirements of clients and statutory requirements ACB direct reporting or through the Society (Option)

Participation of external interested Parties in ACBs’ audits IMO EC/EMSA Individual Flag States Others? IACS Operation Centre? Accreditation body for ACB? Required confidentiality

VCAs (pros and cons) VCA – Vertical Contract Audit Audit of the Survey Process Performed by Society internally Performed by IACS Auditors To be performed by the ACB

VCAs (pros and cons) ACB participation Knowledge assured by requirements for auditors Familiarization training Initially of the Society’s own VCA and later by the ACB

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