Industrial Gases By: Andrew Kubitschek, Andy Johnson VI, Ethan Richter

Industrial Gases Industry Commonly Used Basic Gases Formulation Environmental factors Common Uses

Gas Industry Industries net worth $17 billion 15 companies in Wisconsin Employs about 60,000 American workers Supplies products to industries that account for 42% of America’s Gross Domestic Product Source:

How industrial gases are used Benefits patients in hospitals and at home Helps clean the air Creates cleaner transportation fuels Helps purify water supplies Enhances domestic energy production and efficiency Powers space exploration Ensures the safe transport and preservation of food Enables advanced electronics

Commonly used basic gases Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Carbon Monoxide Carbon Dioxide Source:

Oxygen and Hydrogen synthesis ey=yes&Integer=_electrolyse

Nitrogen Synthesis Air being around 78% nitrogen is a great place to get it. Air is then compressed and cooled, then transported to an insulated area The Nitrogen having a lower boiling point then the liquid oxygen is then distilled out. Then compressed again without the oxygen.

Carbon Monoxide Synthesis Producer gas: CO 2 + C → 2 CO (ΔH = −221 kJ/mol) Water gas: H 2 O + C → H 2 + CO (ΔH = +131 kJ/mol) By product of Metal oxides: MO + C → M + CO

Carbon Dioxide Synthesis Side product of the industrial production of ammonia and hydrogen. Side product of fuel combustion (not normally recovered) Product of breathing

Machinery

Reactions

Reactions 2

Making Industry Greener Uses for oxygen in oil refineries. A. Increased plant capacity. B. Higher oxidation temperatures. C. Reduced load on off-gas treatment systems due to lower concentration of inert nitrogen. D. New plants can be built smaller.

Making industry Greener cont… Hydrogen for oil refineries. A. steam reforming of methane. B. Gasification of oil refining residues and recovery from synthesis gas. C. Recovery from refinery off-gases.

Common Uses Nitrogen Ammonia synthesis (NH3) Chemicals Oil and Gas Extraction (AOR) Electronics Primary Metals Manufacture

Common Uses Oxygen Primary Metals Production Chemicals and Gasification Medicine Oxyacetylene Welding C 2 H 2 (g) + 5O 2 (g)  4CO 2 (g) + 2H 2 O (g) + ∆

Common Uses Hydrogen Ammonia synthesis (Haber process) Methanol manufacture (1) 2CH 4 (g) + ½ O 2 (g)  CO (g) + CO 2 (g) + 7H 2 (synthesis gas) (2) CO (g) + CO 2 (g) + 7H 2  2CH 3 OH (g) + 2H 2 (g) +H 2 O (g)

Common Uses Carbon Dioxide Food Industry Beverage Carbonation Oil and Gas Recovery Chemical Manufacture

References : Essential-Suppliers-to-the-US-Economy.pdf 8.pdf 8.pdf