Sow Herd Vaccination Strategies – Why and when we do what we do Cameron Schmitt, DVM, MS Pipestone Veterinary Clinic

Vaccines - Basics 1. Stimulate immunity to protect sows 2. Stimulate immunity to protect piglets via colostrum

Vaccines to protect sows Parvo Lepto Erysipelas Salmonella Ileitis Mycoplasma SIV PRRSV

Parvo Virus Causes abortions and high levels of mummies Immunity to wild virus is life long Most gilts exposed during development

Lepto Bacteria Immunity is short Rarely seen in indoor animals Transmitted via water and poor sanitation Inexpensive antigen

Erysipelas Bacteria Can cause high mortality Acute septic condition Classic skin lesions, joint swelling, fever Killed vaccine (injectible) provides 6 months of protection Live vaccine (water) provides less measurable protection and is questioned

Salmonella Bacteria 2 types – cholerasuis (septic), typhimurium (enteric) Seen in stressful conditions Live (water) vaccine DOI is debated Given as gilts and when piglets show signs

Ileitis Bacteria – Intracellular Severe enteric condition Hemorrhagic form mostly seen in sows Vaccine (water) very effective if given at appropriate time Immunity appears to be of long duration

Mycoplasma Bacteria/pseudobacteria Lives on ciliated cells of the respiratory tract Causes chronic pneumonia Vaccine – injectible DOI is at least 25 weeks Used to help gilts grow to potential Debated use in breeding herds

SIV - Flu Virus Fast moving typically If uncomplicated, short episode Causes cough and shedding to piglets If getting control at sow unit – whole herd blanket, if controlling nursery problems, pre-farrow

PRRSV Virus Not enough known Killed and Live vaccines available Live – whole herd approach Killed – pre-farrow approach Variable use – discuss with your veterinarian

Vaccines to protect Piglets SIV E. coli Clostridium perfringens types A+C PRRSV? Rotavirus Mycoplasma? Bordetella, Pasteurella

SIV - Flu Virus Vaccine produces high levels of antibodies in colostrum Piglets seropositive until end of nursery typically Gives protection during the first several weeks in nursery

E. coli Bacteria Many types (strains) Causes diarrhea in farrowing typically in 1 st 5 days of life Given pre-farrow to booster colostral antibody for protection during lactation

Clostridium perfringens types A+C Bacteria Causes diarrhea in farrowing typically in 1 st 5 days of life Given pre-farrow to booster colostral antibody for protection during lactation

PRRSV Virus Killed vaccine boosters high levels of colostral antibody – potentially giving protection – debated

Rotavirus Virus Many strains Diarrhea in piglets from 2-25 days of age Vaccine (killed) boosts colostral antibody – debatable efficacy Feedback – Delivers herd strains pre- farrow to booster colostral immunity and decrease virus shedding by sow

Mycoplasma Bacteria/pseudobacteria Causes cough/chronic pneumonia in growing pigs Potentiates PRRSV Shedding at sow unit is variable Some data supports using this pre-farrow to reduce shedding Trial underway

Bordetella/Pasteurella Bacteria Cause of Atrophic Rhinitis Rarely seen anymore as toxigenic P. mult prevalence low Cough at wean often attributed to bacterial pneumonia Vaccine has limited efficacy

Vaccination Timing PLE – Called pre-breed Due to high throughput, vaccinating pre- breed means in farrowing Throws sows off feed We typically don’t use in farrowing Given 3-7 weeks pre-farrow typically

Vaccination Timing Salmonella Given in gilt development Ileitis Given in gilt development Mycoplasma Given in gilt development

Vaccination Timing SIV Given in gilt development and pre-farrow E. coli Given in gilt development and pre-farrow Clostridium perfringens types A+C Given in gilt development and pre-farrow

Typical Vaccination Timeline BreedWeanFarrow PLE/SIV SIV E. coli/Clost Items in blue represent gilt vaccines Backfeeding

Discussion items PRRSV SIV PCV2 Others?