Geothermal Retrofit of HVAC Systems Absorption Chiller (Yazaki Energy Systems) Water-water plate heat exchanger Water-air heat exchanger Andrew Chiasson Geo-Heat Center Oregon Institute of Technology
Retrofit Possibilities Space heating Domestic hot water Suitability depends mainly on flow requirements and need for storage Space cooling Newer absorption chillers rated at 192oF
HVAC Systems Types Several types of configurations for space heating HVAC systems are categorized by the method used to convey energy All-air systems Air-and-water systems All-water systems
HVAC Systems All-Air Systems All heating, cooling, and humidification is supplied to a space by the air Single-duct systems Constant volume Multi-zone, variable-air volume (VAV) Multi-zone with re-heat Dual-duct systems
HVAC Systems All-Air Systems Single duct systems Fossil-fuel furnace with direct-expansion (DX) cooling
HVAC Systems All-Air Systems Single duct systems Commercial system with central heating and cooling coils
HVAC Systems All-Air Systems Single duct systems Commercial roof-top units
HVAC Systems All-Air Systems Single duct systems Commercial system with central heating and cooling coils
HVAC Systems All-Air Systems Single duct systems Multi-zone commercial system with variable-air volume (VAV) fan
HVAC Systems All-Air Systems Geothermal Retrofit Suitability (Rafferty, 1998) Low Temperature water (<150oF) Single-zone, multi-zone, dual duct 8-10 Terminal reheat, VAV 6-8 Standard Temperature water (180-200oF) Single-zone, multi-zone, dual duct 7-8 Terminal reheat, VAV 6-7 Steam Single-zone, multi-zone, dual duct 6 Terminal reheat, VAV 4-5 Electric resistance furnace 5-6 Air-air split heat pump 3-4 Fossil-fuel furnace 4-5 Packaged roof-top unit 3-4 Fossil-fuel fired unit heaters 3-4
HVAC Systems All-Water Systems Hot and chilled water are distributed to terminal units and equipment Free-standing radiators Baseboard radiators Wall, floor, ceiling panels Fan coil units
HVAC Systems All-Water Systems Fan coil unit Unit ventilator (4-pipe)
HVAC Systems All-Water Systems Fin tube radiator Cast iron radiator
HVAC Systems All-Water Systems Water loop heat pump (California loop)
HVAC Systems All-Water Systems Geothermal Retrofit Suitability (Rafferty, 1998) Loop heat pump 10 Radiant panel 10 Fan coil/unit ventilator 7-9 Unit heaters 7 Finned tube convector 6 Steam systems 1-3
HVAC Systems Perimeter Electric Systems Geothermal Retrofit Suitability (Rafferty, 1998) Electric baseboard 2 Through-the-wall units 1