Personal Protective Equipment INSY 3020/ENH670 Spring 2007

Why do PPE Assessments? n n Required by OSHA Standard – –The employer shall assess the workplace to determine if hazards are present or likely to be present – –Employer shall verify that the required hazard assessment has been performed through a written certification. n n Hazards are typically present!

Objectives of a PPE Assessment n n Discover hazards in the workplace n n Determine who is at risk n n Provide appropriate PPE recommendations

When to use PPE? n n When engineering or administrative controls can not control hazards. n n Types of hazards may include: impactpenetrationcompression chemicalheatdust electricalradiation

Sources of Hazards n n Sources of Motion (machinery, vehicles) n n Sources of Temperature Extremes n n Chemical Exposure (splashing) n n Sources of Harmful Dust (sand blasting) n n Sources of Light Radiation (welding) n n Sources of Falling Objects (construction) n n Sources of Sharps Objects (tools) n n Sources of Rolling or Pinching Objects (tools)

Regulatory & Other Standards OSHA Standard n n The Employer shall provide PPE wherever needed when hazards are present which may cause injury. – –Eye and Face Protection » »OSHA – –Respiratory Protection » »OSHA – –Head Protection » »OSHA – –Foot Protection » »OSHA – –Hand Protection » »OSHA

Regulatory & Other Standards n n ANSI Standards for PPE, equipment must had ANSI rating – –Eye and Face Protection (ANSI Z ) – –Head Protection (ANSI Z ) – –Foot Protection (ANSI Z ) – –Gloves (None)

Types of PPE Covered by a PPE Assessment n n Arm and Hand Protection n n Body Protection n n Eye and Face Protection n n Foot Protection n n Head Protection

Hazards usually not addressed in a general PPE assessment n n Noise n n Blood-borne pathogens n n Respiratory Protection Needs n n Confined Spaces n n Hazard Waste/Emergency Response

Examples of Healthcare Related PPE Findings n n Hand ProtectionDental Cleaning Sharp Contaminated Instruments Using Hazardous Chemicals Laboratory Liquid Nitrogen Maintenance Arc and Gas Welding

Hand PPE n n Appropriate protection shall be used to protect from: – –Absorption of harmful substances – –Severe cuts – –Lacerations – –Abrasions – –Punctures – –Chemical Burns – –Thermal Burns – –Harmful Temperature Extremes

Hand PPE Selection n Disposable Light-weight plastic, can help guard against mild irritants n Rubber For insulating gloves and sleeves from electrical hazards (must meet ANSI standard) n Fabric To improve the workers grip when handling slippery objects. They also help insulate hands from mild heat or cold n Leather n Guard against injuries from sparks or scraping against rough surfaces. n They are also used in combination with an insulated liner when working with electricity

Hand PPE Selection (cont.) n Metal Mesh Protect hands from accidental cuts and scratches. They are used most commonly by persons working with cutting tools or other sharp instruments n Aluminized Designed to insulate hands from intense heat. These gloves are most commonly used by persons working molten materials. n Chemical Resistant These gloves may be made of rubber, neoprene, polyvinyl alcohol or vinyl, etc. The gloves protect hands from corrosives, oils, solvents.

Eye and Face Protection Thousands of people are blinded each year from work-related eye injuries. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), nearly three out of five workers are injured while failing to wear eye and face protection.

OSHA Requirements OSHA Standards Training and Qualifications Criteria for PPE Contacts and Prescription (Rx) Lenses Protecting Employees from Workplace Hazards

Training and Qualification n When PPE is necessary n What PPE is necessary n How to properly don, doff, adjust, and wear PPE n The limitations of the PPE n The proper care, maintenance, useful life, and disposal of the PPE (f), Employees shall be trained to know at least the following:

Training and Qualification n Changes in the workplace n Changes in the types of PPE to be used n Inadequacies in an affected employee’s knowledge or use of assigned PPE indicate that the employee has not retained the requisite understanding or skill Retraining is required, but not limited to, the following situations:

PPE Requirements Eye and face protection must comply with the American National Standards Institute, ANSI Z if purchased after July 5, 1994, or ANSI Z if purchased before July 5, Eye and face protection must comply with the American National Standards Institute, ANSI Z if purchased after July 5, 1994, or ANSI Z if purchased before July 5, (b)(1) (b) (a)

Contacts and Rx Lenses Employers must ensure that employees who wear prescription (Rx) lenses or contacts use PPE that incorporates the prescription or use eye protection that can be worn over prescription lenses. Employers must ensure that employees who wear prescription (Rx) lenses or contacts use PPE that incorporates the prescription or use eye protection that can be worn over prescription lenses (a)(3) (a)(3) (a)(3)

Protecting Employees from Workplace Hazards Employees must be provided with eye and face protection equipment when machines or operations present potential eye or face injury from physical, chemical, or radiation agents. [ (a)(1)] Employees must be provided with eye and face protection equipment when machines or operations present potential eye or face injury from physical, chemical, or radiation agents. [ (a)(1)]

Protecting Employees from Workplace Hazards PPE devices alone should not be relied on to provide protection against hazards, but should be used in conjunction with guards, engineering controls, and sound manufacturing practices. PPE devices alone should not be relied on to provide protection against hazards, but should be used in conjunction with guards, engineering controls, and sound manufacturing practices. (1910 Subpart I Appendix B) (1910 Subpart I Appendix B)

Hazard Assessment Hazard Type Common related tasks Impact Flying objects such as large chips, fragments, particles, sand, and dirt. Chipping, grinding, machining, masonry work, wood working, sawing, drilling, riveting, sanding, etc. Heat Anything emitting extreme heat. Furnace operations, pouring, casting, hot dipping, welding, etc. Chemicals Splash, fumes, vapors, and irritating mists. Acid and chemical handling, degreasing, plating, and working with blood. Dust Harmful dust. Woodworking, buffing, and general dusty conditions. Optical Radiation Optical Radiation Radiant energy, glare, and intense light Welding, torch-cutting, -brazing, -soldering, and laser work.

Impact Hazards: Safety Spectacles Impact Hazards: Safety Spectacles Safety spectacles are intended to shield the wearer's eyes from impact hazards such as flying fragments, objects, large chips, and particles. Workers are required to use eye safety spectacles with side shields when there is a hazard from flying objects (a)(2) (a)(2)

Impact Hazards: Safety Goggles Impact Hazards: Safety Goggles Safety goggles are intended to shield the wearer's eyes from impact hazards such as flying fragments, objects, large chips, and particles. Goggles fit the face immediately surrounding the eyes and form a protective seal around the eyes. This prevents objects from entering under or around the goggles.

Impact Hazards: Face Shields Impact Hazards: Face Shields Face shields are intended to protect the entire face, or portions thereof, from impact hazards such as flying fragments, objects, large chips, and particles. When worn alone, face shields do not protect employees from impact hazards. Use face shields in combination with safety spectacles or goggles for additional protection.

Heat Hazards: Safety Spectacles Heat Hazards: Safety Spectacles Safety spectacles with side shields are used as primary protection to shield the eyes from heat hazards. To adequately protect the eyes and face from high temperature exposure, use safety spectacles in combination with a heat-reflective face shield.

Heat Hazards: Safety Goggles Heat Hazards: Safety Goggles Safety goggles are used as primary protection to shield the eyes from heat hazards. Goggles form a protective seal around the eyes, preventing objects or liquids from entering under or around the goggles. This is especially important when working with or around molten metals that may splash.

Heat Hazards: Face Shields Heat Hazards: Face Shields Heat-reflective and wire-screen face shields are intended to shield the entire face from a range of heat hazards. Face shields are considered secondary protectors to be used in addition to primary protection such as safety spectacles or goggles.

Chemical Hazards: Safety Goggles Chemical Hazards: Safety Goggles Safety goggles protect the eyes, eye sockets, and the facial area immediately surrounding the eyes from a variety of chemical hazards. Goggles form a protective seal around the eyes, preventing objects or liquids from entering under or around the goggles.

Chemical Hazards: Face Shields Chemical Hazards: Face Shields Face shields are intended to protect the entire face from a variety of chemical hazards. All face shields are considered secondary protection and must be used in addition to safety goggles to provide adequate protection.

Dust Hazards: Safety Goggles Dust Hazards: Safety Goggles Goggles form a protective seal around the eyes, preventing nuisance dust from entering under or around the goggles. Ventilation should be adequate, but well protected from dust entry.

Optical Radiation: Filter Lenses Optical Radiation: Filter Lenses Wearing protection with the correct filter shade number is required to protect workers’ eyes from optical radiation. When selecting PPE, consider the type and degree of radiant energy in the workplace (a)(5) -General Industry (a)(4) -Maritime (b)(1) -Construction

Optical Radiation: Welding Optical Radiation: Welding Welding helmets are secondary protectors intended to shield the eyes and face from optical radiation, heat, and impact. Use welding helmets in addition to primary protection such as safety spectacles or goggles to provide adequate protection.

Optical Radiation: Lasers Optical Radiation: Lasers Workers with exposure to laser beams must be furnished suitable laser safety goggles which will: n Protect for the specific wavelength of the laser n Be of optical density adequate for the energy involved [ (b)(2)]

Optical Radiation: Glare Optical Radiation: Glare Control Glare with: n Special-Purpose Spectacles that include filter or special- purpose lenses to provide protection against eye strain. n Changes in your work area or lighting n Tinted eyeglass lenses or visor-type shade

Eye and Face PPE n n Protectors must meet the following minimum requirements: – –Provide adequate protection against the particular hazards for which they are designed; – –Be reasonably comfortable when worn under the designated conditions; – –Fit snugly without interfering with the movements or vision of the wearer; – –Be durable; – –Be capable of being disinfected; – –Be easily cleanable; – –Be kept clean and in good repair.

Use of Foot Protection n n Steel-Reinforced Safety Shoes – –These shoes are designed to protect feet from common machinery hazards such as falling or rolling objects, cuts, and punctures » »The entire toe box and insole are reinforced with steel » »Instep is protected by steel, aluminum, or plastic materials. » »Safety shoes are also designed to insulate against temperature extremes » »May be equipped with special soles to guard against slip, chemicals, and/or electrical hazards. n n Safety Boots – –Safety boots offer more protection when splash or spark hazards (chemicals, molten materials) are present.

Examples of PPE n n Body Protection ER Exposure to patients contaminated with pesticides Lab Lab Coats Adam Shaman

Body Protection PPE n n Scrubs, lab coats n n X-Ray Technicians, lead aprons (covered under other guidelines) n n Extreme Temperatures n n Chemical Decontamination

Examples of PPE Findings n n Head ProtectionMaintenance n Settings where things can fall on someone (storage lofts) settings with low piping, or other protrusions (crawl spaces, tunnels, HVAC areas) n Construction Zones

Head Protection PPE n n Head Protection – –Type I: helmets with full brim, not less than 1 and 1/4 inches wide – –Type II: brimless helmets with a peak extending forward from the crown

Head Protection Type I HelmetType II Helmet

Electrical Protection Classes n n Z89.1 A - Low-voltage (2200 volts) B - High-voltage (20,000 volts) C - No electrical protection n n Z89.1 – 1997 General (2,200 Volts) Electrical (20,000 Volts) Conductive Not Tested

Hard Hat Selection General Mining, construction, shipbuilding, tunneling, lumbering, and manufacturing Electrical Electrical workers Conductive Used on occasions where there is a possibility of bumping the head against a fixed object Used on occasions where there is a possibility of bumping the head against a fixed object n Certain construction and manufacturing occupations, oil fields, refineries, and chemical plants where there is no danger from electrical hazards or corrosion

Assessment Process n n Schedule PPE assessment n n Opening and closing conference with Department Leaders n n Gather appropriate assessment team: Safety Officer, EHS, Administration, Department Leaders as needed.

Assessment Process (cont.) n n Use an Assessment Form to collect data n n Provide a Written Report, PPE recommendations n n Assist in selection of PPE n n Follow-up surveys

Follow-up Assessments n n JCAHO/OSHA Reviews n n Hazard Surveillance Walk-through n n As job processes or procedures are added or modified, specific assessments should be done

Care of PPE n n Cleaning n n Storage n n Use – –The employee must know the limitations of the clothing used.

Cleaning/Storage Issues

Maintenance

Questions & Comments