Lessons from the Field Dr. Carrie Sturts Dossick Dr. Gina Neff Brittany Fiore-Silfvast Dr. Carrie Sturts Dossick Dr. Gina Neff Brittany Fiore-Silfvast

BIM + Collaboration = GREEN?

BIM, Collaboration and Green Building Temporary Teams Establish how they are going to work Dynamics of people working on the project Companies that comprise the project Through this – technology is introduced and negotiated So, we saw organizational and technological innovation You innovate in all of these ways both with new technology as well as existing technologies

Methodology Case StudiesNational Interviews Chicago San Francisco Los Angeles New York Seattle Valley UW RRF Study Hill 28 Architects, 22 Builders 15 Engineers (N=65) minute interviews on experience, culture & communication 28 Architects, 22 Builders 15 Engineers (N=65) minute interviews on experience, culture & communication 7-12 months observation of MEP coordination meetings Interviews Additional materials 7-12 months observation of MEP coordination meetings Interviews Additional materials

Methodology Case StudiesNational Interviews San Francisco Los Angeles Seattle Construction NSF Study Phase I Design + Owners, BIM Experts, Green Building Experts minute interviews on experience, culture & communication + Owners, BIM Experts, Green Building Experts minute interviews on experience, culture & communication 18-month (300 hours) observation of a green building project Interviews Additional materials 18-month (300 hours) observation of a green building project Interviews Additional materials

Methodology Fuzzy Set AnalysisAIA Awards Database Green Award winning projects from the U.S. Types of BIM NSF Study Phase II Types of Collaboration Wide range of projects (N~200) Survey of architects Wide range of projects (N~200) Survey of architects Causal Pathways between Green, Collaboration, and BIM Causal Pathways between Green, Collaboration, and BIM

Meetings: Design Consultant Meetings

Meetings: Owner, Architect & Contractor (OAC)

Meetings: MEP Coordination Meeting

Individual Scopes to Consolidated Model

Company – Communication Divisions Engineers Subcontractor Architect Owner General Contractor Fabricator/ 2 nd tier sub AOC meetings MEP meetings

MEP PE GC Organization Fire Electrical EngineersArchitectOwner Plumb HVAC Piping Company - MEP Hierarchy “Sometimes you just want to be able to talk to the people who know what you’re talking about”

Balance Projects Act in Market Decision on Staffing, Work Practices & Exchange Affect Others Produce Documents Translate Project Dictates Constraints Mission Tasks Relationship to other orientations Scope Produce Building Manage Team Scopes Intersect in Unanticipated Ways ProjectCompany Comparison of Conflicting Obligations

Ramifications of Conflicting Obligations Project Orientation Mutual Respect Influence on Decisions Mutual Respect Influence on Decisions Confined to scope Disenfranchised from decisions Confined to scope Disenfranchised from decisions Scope Orientation Scope Orientation

Three Key Sets of Findings 1. Swift, Wary Trust 2. Documents used for Records & Collaboration 3. Messy Talk, Clean Technology

Swift (Wary) Trust Design & Construction teams share some aspects of “swift trust” Key differences make organizing the work challenging Hiring & Firing Similar teams across the industry Reliance on others’ in the team Williamor Media via Flickr Christiana Care via Flickr

HillValleyCampus Roles Clear & Predictable No -- Conflict Yes Decision making authority Limited Expanded Goal AlignmentConflicting Obligations Project Orientation

Documents

Bootleg PDF Clouding Sign Off Confirming RFI iPhone Whiteboard

Tech or Talk? ≠ Clean Technology Messy Talk “unexpected discoveries” (Suwa, et al. 2000) “emergent” (Whyte, et al. 2008) “documentation, data exchange and management” (Ku, et al. 2008)

Messy Talk: Three Dimensions Passive and Active Formal and Informal Flexible and Inflexible

Findings Documentation and analysis Passive Communication Collaborative problem solving and system optimization Active Communication Direct digital and data exchange Talk and dialog

Annotation And note taking Findings Formal Documentation Informal Dialog Procedural and legal documentation Talk and brainstorming Documentation “For the meeting minutes, I need dialog.”

Findings Inflexible Visualizations Inflexible Visualizations Flexible Visualizations Seeing and communicating Sketching, editing, and erasing

MCA Report Findings There is an increasingly important roll for technologists on project teams Mobile computing technologies link the field to the office The line is blurring between design and construction BIM is enabling and expanding prefabrication

Acknowledgements Thanks to our great research team: Anne Anderson Hoda Homayouni JJ Powell Naila Crawford Chris Harihar Helen Juan Kristin Gustafson Support provided by: National Science Foundation UW Royalty Research Foundation College of Built Environments Department of Communication

THANK YOU !!!!