Indoor Air Quality / L.E.E.D. Gold and Net-zero IAQ = Dollars, Energy Savings, reduced absenteeism, and increased productivity

GSA Moves to LEED Gold for All New Federal Buildings and Major Renovations The U.S. General Services Administration’s upgraded requirement for LEED Gold certification as a minimum in all new federal building construction and substantial renovation projects will move the government’s federal inventory into a more sustainable future. By using the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED®) Green Building Rating System established by the U.S. Green Building Council, GSA can evaluate and measure achievements in sustainable design. For projects funded prior to FY 2010 that are in design, GSA is requiring that LEED Gold be incorporated into ongoing designs where possible, after considering budget and schedule constraints on the current design and construction contracts. GSA's Facilities Standards will be updated to reflect these changes by the end of calendar year For GSA's leased properties, the requirement remains at the LEED Silver certification for new construction lease projects of 10,000 square feet or more. For leases in existing buildings, LEED for Commercial Interiors is optional, at the request of the tenant agencies. edCertificationManual/LEEDCertificationPolicyManual.pdf

Executive Order Executive Order is an executive order titled Federal Leadership in Environmental, Energy, and Economic Performance that U.S. President Barack Obama issued on October 5, [Executive Order is an executive order titled Federal Leadership in Environmental, Energy, and Economic Performance that U.S. President Barack Obama issued on October 5, [executive orderU.S. PresidentBarack Obamaexecutive orderU.S. PresidentBarack Obama This executive order mandates that at least 15 percent of existing federal buildings and leases meet Energy Efficiency Guiding Principles by 2015, and that annual progress be made toward 100 percent conformance of all federal buildings, with a goal of 100% of all new federal buildings achieving zero-net-energy by The U.S. government is the largest consumer of energy in America. It has roughly 500,000 buildings, and most of these buildings are energy-inefficient. Fifteen percent of 500,000 buildings is 75,000 buildings.This executive order mandates that at least 15 percent of existing federal buildings and leases meet Energy Efficiency Guiding Principles by 2015, and that annual progress be made toward 100 percent conformance of all federal buildings, with a goal of 100% of all new federal buildings achieving zero-net-energy by The U.S. government is the largest consumer of energy in America. It has roughly 500,000 buildings, and most of these buildings are energy-inefficient. Fifteen percent of 500,000 buildings is 75,000 buildings.zero-net-energyU.S. governmentzero-net-energyU.S. government The executive order states that "the Federal Government must lead by example... increase energy efficiency; measure, report, and reduce their greenhouse gas emissions from direct and indirect activities... design, construct, maintain, and operate high performance sustainable buildings in sustainable locations; strengthen the vitality and livability of the communities in which Federal facilities are located; and inform Federal employees about and involve them in the achievement of these goals.“The executive order states that "the Federal Government must lead by example... increase energy efficiency; measure, report, and reduce their greenhouse gas emissions from direct and indirect activities... design, construct, maintain, and operate high performance sustainable buildings in sustainable locations; strengthen the vitality and livability of the communities in which Federal facilities are located; and inform Federal employees about and involve them in the achievement of these goals.“Federal Governmentenergy efficiencygreenhouse gas emissionsdesign sustainable buildingslivabilityFederal Governmentenergy efficiencygreenhouse gas emissionsdesign sustainable buildingslivability "Zero-net-energy building" is defined in Executive Order as "a building that is designed, constructed, and operated to require a greatly reduced quantity of energy to operate, meet the balance of energy needs from sources of energy that do not produce greenhouse gases, and therefore result in no net emissions of greenhouse gases and be economically viable"."Zero-net-energy building" is defined in Executive Order as "a building that is designed, constructed, and operated to require a greatly reduced quantity of energy to operate, meet the balance of energy needs from sources of energy that do not produce greenhouse gases, and therefore result in no net emissions of greenhouse gases and be economically viable".greenhouse gasesgreenhouse gases

ASHRAE Standard (and the subsequent Standard ) ASHRAE Standard raised the outdoor air requirements for acceptable indoor air quality for very high occupant density buildings such as schools and auditoriums from its previous level of 5 cfm per occupant to 15 cfm per occupant. Since occupant densities in these buildings can be very high (e.g occupants per 1000 square feet), the absolute increase in outdoor air volumes in these buildings due to ASHRAE Standard 62 is exceptionally large, and outdoor air fractions (proportion of supply air which is outdoor air) rise significantly. Therefore, air flows in these buildings become heavily dominated by indoor air quality requirements rather than by thermal load requirements. Peak cooling loads increased 20%-32% when raising outdoor air flow rates from 5-15 cfm per occupant. The HVAC energy cost increase of raising outdoor air flow rates is 17% to 39% for CV systems (constant Volume) in education buildings, and 26% to 58% for CV systems in auditoriums. The HVAC energy cost impact for VAV systems was 15% to 35% in education buildings, and 35% to 81% in auditoriums. Current standard HVAC sizing methodology and Net-zero

ASHRAE 62.1 IAQ Procedure an alternative design method The Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) Procedure is a performance-based design approach. The building and its ventilation system are designed to maintain the concentrations of specific contaminants at or below certain limits identified during the building design. The goal is to achieve the design target level of perceived indoor air quality acceptability by building occupants and/or visitors.

ASHRAE 62.1 Ventilation Rate Procedure Considerations Considerations IAQ Considerations : Using outdoor air to improve IAQ 1.Is the outdoor air clean? 62.1 assumes it is. 2.ASHRAE 62.1 uses CO 2 load in space to determine amount of Out Door Air needed to dilute pollutants in occupied space. It does not allow for in TVOC (Total Volatile Organic Compounds) or bio aerosols introduced by outdoor air. Introducing dirty ODA into a space does not necessarily improve indoor air quality even if CO 2 levels are lowered. 3. Higher energy cost are associated with more outdoor air.

Increased Ventilation Effectiveness INTENT: Provide for the effective delivery and mixing of fresh air to building occupants to support their health, safety, and comfort. REQUIREMENT: For mechanically ventilated buildings, design ventilation systems that result in an air change effectiveness (E) greater than or equal to 0.9 as determined by ASHRAE For naturally ventilated spaces demonstrate a distribution and laminar flow pattern that involves not less than 90% of the room or zone area in the direction of air flow for at least 95% of hours of occupancy. TECHNOLOGIES/STRATEGIES: Employ architectural and HVAC design strategies to increase ventilation effectiveness and prevent short-circuiting of airflow delivery. Techniques available include use of displacement ventilation, low velocity, and laminar flow ventilation (under floor or near floor delivery) and natural ventilation. Operable windows with an architectural strategy for natural ventilation, cross ventilation, or stack effect can be appropriate options with study of inlet areas and locations. See the LEED Reference Guide for compliance methodology guidelines IAQ Credit 2 for LEEDs

Possible solutions that do not solely depend on clean ODA: 1.Use energy recovery devices to lower energy cost 2.Use Demand Control Ventilation 3.Use ASHRAE 62 I.A.Q. Procedure Challenges: 1.Energy Recovery devices require space, money, maintence and can become source of bio aerosols. 2.Demand Control Ventilation requires clean outdoor air and must assume reducing the outdoor air that is diluting airborne contaminant load will still be enough to deal with space TVOC load and bio aerosols. 3.I.A.Q. Procedure; does the device works as claimed (Are both 3 rd Party Testing and Job Site Testing available?), will the product deal with TVOC, bio aerosols and CO2 loads (Current filtration products allow designer flexibility in dealing with inorganic particulate. It is assumed here that inorganic particulate is part of the filter design apart from the outdoor air requirement.) Warning: Manufacturers of IAQ equipment generally manipulate CO2 numbers, if the solution does not deal with CO2, I.A.Q. Procedure is not valid with that product. Simple Answer: Combination of solutions 1. ASHRAE 62.1 Ventilation Rate Procedure (Base of Design) (Energy Recovery if practical) 2. Demand Control Ventilation (To deal with actual CO2 Load) 3. I.A.Q. Procedure (Use for min. ODA damper settings) to destroy TVOCs and bio aerosols rather than dilute.

Combining methods that allow for reduced operational outdoor air intake rates. Resulting in lower energy consumption. First, reduced outdoor air intake rates translate directly into reductions in ventilation fan energy use.First, reduced outdoor air intake rates translate directly into reductions in ventilation fan energy use. Second, reduced outdoor air intake rates reduce energy use associated with the conditioning of outside ventilation air (e.g. heating, cooling, and dehumidification of outside ventilation air).Second, reduced outdoor air intake rates reduce energy use associated with the conditioning of outside ventilation air (e.g. heating, cooling, and dehumidification of outside ventilation air). Energy Savings

Photo Catalytic Oxidation Photo Catalytic Oxidation Panels Panels What do these units have in common? Remember a dead or destroyed spore, bacteria or virus will not be back to infect another day PCO field ofdestruction Everyone can enjoy clean air !!!! Why capture a problem ? Destroy It. Everyone can enjoy clean air !!!! Why capture a problem ? Destroy It.

Defining Process re·duc·tion (r-dkshn)n. Also called reduction division. Chemistry ( Typically H2O ) a. A decrease in positive valence or an increase in negative valence by the gaining of electrons. b. A reaction in which hydrogen is combined with a compound. c. A reaction in which oxygen is removed from a compound. re·duc·tion (r-dkshn)n. Also called reduction division. Chemistry ( Typically H2O ) a. A decrease in positive valence or an increase in negative valence by the gaining of electrons. b. A reaction in which hydrogen is combined with a compound. c. A reaction in which oxygen is removed from a compound. ox·i·da·tion (ks-dshn)n. (electron production and migration) 1. The combination of a substance with oxygen. 2. A reaction in which the atoms in an element lose electrons and the valence of the element is correspondingly increased. ox·i·da·tion (ks-dshn)n. (electron production and migration) 1. The combination of a substance with oxygen. 2. A reaction in which the atoms in an element lose electrons and the valence of the element is correspondingly increased.

Photo Catalytic Oxidation Passive (Does not broadcast or create ROS in Occupied Space)

All create Hydroxyl Radicals All use a noble metal (TiO 2 ) All collect contaminate & use a blower to move air through the reaction panel Residence time, energy distribution, type of contaminate & concentration determine effectiveness

How does the panel work? Have you ever used hydrogen peroxide on a cut? Did it bubble and boil up? What was it doing? Destroying infection causing virus, bacteria and spores. Our panels create OH. We are trying to replicate the natural process the troposphere uses to clean the air we breathe. “Detergent of the atmosphere” Katja Riedel and Keith Lassey explain how OH, the hydroxyl radical, works to cleanse the atmosphere of harmful trace gases. “Introducing OH, the hydroxyl radical Although it makes up about a fifth of our atmosphere, oxygen (O 2 ) is not the main oxidant. Other molecules that are produced naturally in the atmosphere, including ozone (O 3 ), the nitrate radical (NO 3 ), and the hydroxyl radical (OH), are much more reactive, even if their atmospheric concentrations are low. Radicals are highly reactive because they have unpaired electrons which tend to transfer to other molecules. The OH radical is the most important oxidant in the troposphere, the lowest part of the atmosphere (below about 10 km). Nobel Prize winner Paul Crutzen coined the phrase “detergent of the atmosphere” to describe this important cleansing role of OH. Most of the trace gases found in the troposphere are oxidised by OH into water-soluble products that are washed out by rain and snow. Specifically, OH is responsible for oxidising carbon monoxide (CO) and other carbon-based molecules, such as methane (CH 4 ).” Water & Atmosphere 16(1)

Equipment Offerings Easy to Maintain: 12,000hr Bulb replacement Media Panel last 15 years of continuous operation

Factory mounted AHU Catalogue / Custom) Bush Presidential Library JFK Airport John Muir Hospital Cypress Fairbanks

AHU Retrofit: UT MB Galveston Atlanta Medical St Luke’s Hospital

Curb Mounted RTU Norman OK Police Station Helping Hands for Humanity

Induct: Fort Sam Houston Dorm

Standalone: Inlet Ducted Attached to Filter grilles Google, Chicago Western Bowl Bar

Portable: Sundown Post Office

Personal Spaces: 2006 D & L A personal solution to an age old problem. Protect your yourself & family with a proven commercial solution scaled down for smaller spaces Improve the air quality in classroom, home or work Small: Hangs on the wall, sits on floor, on a desk or table