Revisiting Local Clusters in Global Chains: From Boom to Bust in Mexico’s Blue Jeans Capital Jennifer Bair University of Colorado

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Session I: Technology, Trade and Growth-lessons of Experiences Session I: Technology, Trade and Growth-lessons of Experiences Issues related to technology.
Advertisements

Substance of the Fashion Industry
Fashion & The Fashion Industry
Baki USLU Barış BOZOĞLU
Wiener Institut für Internationale Wirtschaftsvergleiche The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies Conference „Innovation:
Toward a 21 st Century TPP Agreement for Apparel April 2013 Learn more about apparel in the TPP at >> 1.
THE WORLD OF FASHION MERCHANDISING
Blue Jeans in Torreon. Torreon, Coahila, Mexico Blue Jeans in Torreon Shifting Power: better local development? Commodity chain approach –Production,
Why Do Industries Have Different Distributions?
Industry Chapter 11 An Introduction to Human Geography
Fashion Products and Planning
1 Apparel Value Chains and Opportunities to Create Jobs in the TPP Toni Dembski-Brandl Target Corporation, on behalf of the TPP Apparel Coalition September.
MAQUILA SOLIDARITY NETWORK Prepared for the MFAF Americas Working Group Mexico Subcommittee August 19-20, 2010 Update on the Mexican garment sector.
A Survey on the China’s Apparel Industry
Japan Industrial Production Published by: Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI), Japan Frequency: Monthly Period Covered: Prior month Volatility:
MBMC Short-Term Economic Fluctuations: An Introduction Short-Term Economic Fluctuations: An Introduction.
Transnational Corporations and Global Commodity Chains
Jorge G. Gonzalez Against All Odds The Mexican Economy.
North Carolina in the Global Economy. North Carolina in the World Economy I: Job Losses From Imports : 87,000 Manufacturing Jobs Disappeared.
Apparel Industry Careers Apparel 2 Objective 6.01.
Mexico million population PRI officially out of power –Vicente Fox PAN (center right) Protectionism  relatively open, market driven –8 th largest.
Benefits and pitfalls of Africa’s engagement with emerging economies Nichodemus Rudaheranwa
The Textile Industry. Objectives To understand the textile industry as the primary material source for the apparel, interior furnishings, and industrial.
Labor market consequences of trade openness and competition in foreign markets: the case of Mexico November 2nd, 2012 Daniel Chiquiar Enrique Covarrubias.
Commerce Business Apps Challenge Commerce is challenging developers to look for innovative ways to utilize DOC and other publicly available data to help.
Mexico’s Maquiladoras: Border Competitiveness in an Age of Globalization Dr. John Sargent, Associate Professor Center for Border Economic Studies University.
Why do we need to know about Value Chain?  Look at the past in order to analyze the future How much is the accumulated economic value of your belonging.
Caserta, Italy 30 November 2005
North American Free Trade Agreement NAFTA
Key Issue #3: “Where is industry expanding?”
Globalisation: The Challenge for Pakistan Khalil Hamdani Graduate Institute of Development Studies Lahore School of Economics 26 March 2015.
WELCOMETOPresentationOf Unitex Attires Ltd, Group of Bangladesh.
Case Study Part 2 Closing The Gap?
FCS555: Textiles and Apparel in the Global Economy.
What is the sale price of an item that is $ and is 15% off?
Ch. 8 The Fashion Industry Objectives: After completing this lesson, you should be able to – List ways that fibers and fabrics are used other than in clothing.
International Business: Strategy, Management, and the New Realities MGT 464 International Business Management Professor Stone Fall 2010.
Key Issue 3 Where is Industry expanding
 Background Information  Disadvantages of NAFTA  Advantages of NAFTA  Trouble in Juarez  Conclusion.
UNIT B Evolution and Movement of Fashion 2.01 Interpret the process of fashion forecasting.
2.01 – Fashion Forecasting. Fashion forecasting ***Foreseeing and predicting fashion trends early enough to allow time for production to meet the consumer.
Globalisation of forest products markets Marc Boutin Quebec Lumber Manufacturers ’ Association October 2, 2001QLMA.
Textile Product Development and Marketing
The Global Economy “Its All Relative” Copyright © Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved.
Smart Start What is the difference between fashion/commodity/seasonal products?
Civics & Economics Top 100 What every student should know to pass the Civics & Economics EOC Goal 9.
1 TEXTILES, CLOTHING, LEATHER & FOOTWEAR PRESENTATION TO PPC BY Abisha Peter Tembo On 31 st OCTOBER
Fashion and Economics.
MANAGEMENT AND MARKETING OF TEXTILES
UNIT B Evolution and Movement of Fashion
Fashion Businesses MKT-FMRE-8 Understand the concepts and processes needed to obtain, develop, maintain, and improve a product mix in response to market.
Apparel employment, trade, and economic development in South Asia Gladys Lopez-Acevedo Office of the Chief Economist for South Asia, The World Bank Islamabad,
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN MEXICO. HISTORICAL TRENDS  history of dependence on the west, particularly the U.S.  sensitivity towards colonialism  governments.
Apparel Value Chains and Opportunities to Create Jobs in the TPP Toni Dembski-Brandl Target Corporation, on behalf of the TPP Apparel Coalition September.
MANAGEMENT RICHARD L. DAFT.
Globalization Unit 5.
MANAGEMENT RICHARD L. DAFT.
FROM TRUMP RHETHORIC TO THE REALITIES OF CHIMERICA
Apparel Industry Careers
Growth Trend of Myanmar Garment Industry
Fashion Merchandising 2.01
Global Marketing Management, 4e
The International Business
The Globalization of Industry
Question What do you want to do for a living when you grow up?
Civics & Economics Top 100 What every student should know to pass the Civics & Economics EOC Goal 9.
Revenues Improve with an Expanding Economy
[ 10.1 ] Why Nations Trade.
What every student should know to pass the Civics & Economics EOC
Fundamentals of International Business
Presentation transcript:

Revisiting Local Clusters in Global Chains: From Boom to Bust in Mexico’s Blue Jeans Capital Jennifer Bair University of Colorado

Global Commodity Chains Old development model = Domestic Industrialization (ISI) New development model = Export-led growth via integration into global commodity chains Policy-oriented strand of GCC research focuses on how firms and regions can develop via participation in GCCs Under what conditions can GCCs stimulate jobs, export revenues, and industrial upgrading to higher value-added activities or industries? Revisiting Local Clusters in Global Chains: From Boom to Bust in Mexico’s Blue Jeans Capital University of Vienna, April 13, 2010

Revisiting Local Clusters in Global Chains: From Boom to Bust in Mexico’s Blue Jeans Capital University of Vienna, April 13, 2010 Post-NAFTA boom in apparel exports to the U.S… Source: US International Trade Commission, U.S. imports customs value, SITC 84

Revisiting Local Clusters in Global Chains: From Boom to Bust in Mexico’s Blue Jeans Capital University of Vienna, April 13, 2010 …and in Apparel Employment Source: Mexican government (INEGI data), various years.

Revisiting Local Clusters in Global Chains: From Boom to Bust in Mexico’s Blue Jeans Capital University of Vienna, April 13, 2010 La Laguna in north central Mexico

Indicators of La Laguna’s Post-NAFTA Boom Total output/wk. 500,000 4 million 6 million Max. output/company/wk.50, , ,000 % Mexican denim1-2%5%15% Employment 12,000 65,000 75,000 Revisiting Local Clusters in Global Chains: From Boom to Bust in Mexico’s Blue Jeans Capital University of Vienna, April 13, 2010 Source: Fieldwork carried out in summers 1998 and 2000

Revisiting Local Clusters in Global Chains: From Boom to Bust in Mexico’s Blue Jeans Capital “Local Clusters in Global Chains” In series of papers, Bair and Gereffi analyzed the causes and consequences of region’s post-NAFTA boom in blue jeans exports (2001; 2003; Gereffi, Martinez and Bair 2002) Based on fieldwork carried out in the Laguna in 1998 and 2000 Found that surge in local production and exports was caused by the changing organization of North American apparel commodity chain in post-NAFTA period Change in institutional context created by new regulatory regime (NAFTA rules of origin) Arrival of new types of buyers sourcing from or coordinating production in the region Positive development outcome/ Industrial upgrading

Evidence of Industrial Upgrading: La Laguna’s Lengthening Chain UNITED STATES LA LAGUNA TextilesTrim andDesign andCuttingAssemblyLaundry andDistributionMarketingRetail LabelsProduct Dev.Finishing UNITED STATES LA LAGUNA TextilesTrim andDesign andCuttingAssemblyLaundry andDistributionMarketingRetail LabelsProduct Dev.Finishing UNITED STATES LA LAGUNA TextilesTrim andDesign andCuttingAssemblyLaundry andDistributionMarketingRetail LabelsProduct Dev.Finishing Revisiting Local Clusters in Global Chains: From Boom to Bust in Mexico’s Blue Jeans Capital

The Blue Jeans Capital in Decline Fieldwork in March 2008 revealed that three of the five largest firms in 2000 were no longer in business. Production volumes declined in all but two (both foreign- owned) of the seven factories that remained open. Combined production of region’s largest companies fell from 2.6 million/week in 2000 to less than 1.1 million/week in Masculinization of local garment workforce: In all companies we interviewed, half of the sewing machine operators were men, ranging from 50% to 70%. Revisiting Local Clusters in Global Chains: From Boom to Bust in Mexico’s Blue Jeans Capital University of Vienna, April 13, 2010

From Boom to Bust in the Blue Jeans Capital… Production Capacities of La Laguna's Largest Manufacturers July 2000 and March 2008 compared RankFirmCapacity July Emp. July 2000 Capacity March 2008 Emp. March Wrangler480,0001,900est. 500,000NA 2 Kentucky-Lajat400,0005,500150,0002,500 3 Libra400,0005,000est. 50,000NA 4 Siete Leguas250,0003,20080,0001,800 5 Grupo Denim245,0003,300120,0002,800 6 Maquilas Pami240,0003,800CLOSED 7 Red Kap (RKI)156,0001,430NA 8 Pafer Huichita150,0002,450CLOSED 9 Impeccable150,0001,500CLOSED 10 OMJC135,0003,000185,0002,600 Total 2,606,00031,0801,085,0009,700 1 Pairs of pants per week. Source: Fieldwork conducted by Bair and Gereffi 2000; Bair and Werner 2008 Revisiting Local Clusters in Global Chains: From Boom to Bust in Mexico’s Blue Jeans Capital University of Vienna, April 13, 2010

Employment Declines, but More Men Sewing Number of monthly employees classified as workers (obreros), not seasonally adjusted. Source: INEGI, Banco de Infomacion Economica, Industria de Maquiladora series. Revisiting Local Clusters in Global Chains: From Boom to Bust in Mexico’s Blue Jeans Capital University of Vienna, April 13, 2010

Making Sense of La Laguna’s post-NAFTA Trajectory Boom to bust cycle underscores mobility of capital in contemporary global economy, but what explains emergence and timing of local export surges and declines? What happens to a place when it becomes “delinked” from a particular commodity chain? What lessons can be drawn from La Laguna’s experience for GCC analysis more broadly? Revisiting Local Clusters in Global Chains: From Boom to Bust in Mexico’s Blue Jeans Capital University of Vienna, April 13, 2010

The New Blue Jeans Capital: China’s exports surge, Mexico’s declines U.S. Apparel Imports in US$ billions, Revisiting Local Clusters in Global Chains: From Boom to Bust in Mexico’s Blue Jeans Capital University of Vienna, April 13, 2010

Fibers (production/ processing of natural/synthetic fibers) Yarn (spinning fibers into yarn) Fabric (knitting/weaving yarn into fabric) Production (Cutting of fabric Assembly of garment) Pre-production (design & Pattern/marker making) Retail (marketing, distribution and sale) Post-production (laundering & finishing) Fiber Segment Textile Segment Apparel Segment Apparel Retail Segment The Apparel Commodity Chain Revisiting Local Clusters in Global Chains: From Boom to Bust in Mexico’s Blue Jeans Capital University of Vienna, April 13, 2010