Section 2 The Industrial Revolution Preview Main Idea / Reading Focus Production before Factories Factories and Factory Towns The Factory System and Workers Quick Facts: Effects of the Factory System Factories and Mass Production Factories and Workers
Section 2 The Industrial Revolution Reading Focus How was production organized before factories? What were factories and factory towns like? How did the factory system affect workers? What was mass production, and what were its effects? Main Idea The transition from cottage industries changed how people worked in factories, what life was like in factory towns, labor conditions, and, eventually, processes within factories. Factories and Workers
Section 2 The Industrial Revolution Raw materials delivered Work done to completion Merchant takes product to market Workers controlled schedules, quality Family life revolved around business Work in the Home Production before Factories Destruction of equipment Time to learn skills Physical strength required Factory owners took advantage of drawbacks Problems for Cottage Industries
Section 2 The Industrial Revolution
Section 2 The Industrial Revolution
Section 2 The Industrial Revolution Find the Main Idea What were some benefits of the cottage system of production? Answer(s): workers made decisions about when to work, rest, and eat, how much to produce; family could adjust work schedule, all family members could be involved
Section 2 The Industrial Revolution Where employees worked Major change from cottage industry Had to leave home to work Hardships for some workers Life in factory towns Towns grew up around factories Towns, factories rose near coal mines Sanitation poor in many factory towns Working in a factory Dangerous work for all Long workdays Poor factory conditions common Factories and Factory Towns
Section 2 The Industrial Revolution
Section 2 The Industrial Revolution
Section 2 The Industrial Revolution
Section 2 The Industrial Revolution Identify Supporting Details What are some facts that illustrate the difficulties of factory work? Answer(s): injuries, long workdays, noise, lack of ventilation, poor sanitation, inadequate food
Section 2 The Industrial Revolution Workers in a New Economy Wealthy to invest in, own factories Mid-level to run factories Low-level to run machines Changing Labor Conditions No government regulation Labor unions organized Strikes brought change Cottage Workers’ Unrest Handmade goods more expensive than factory made Luddite movement, 1811 Violence spread, 1812 New Class of Workers Growth of middle class Managers, accountants, engineers, mechanics, salesmen Economy increased The Factory System and Workers
Section 2 The Industrial Revolution
Section 2 The Industrial Revolution Identify Cause and Effect How did the factory system affect different groups? Answer(s): Different groups that were part of the factory system became part of the middle class.
Section 2 The Industrial Revolution The factory system changed the world of work. In addition, new processes further changed how people worked in factories. Mass production began in U.S. Elements: –Interchangeable parts –Assembly line Production and repair more efficient Production more swift Mass Production Dramatic increase in production Businesses charged less Affordable goods More repetitious jobs Soon became norm Effects Factories and Mass Production
Section 2 The Industrial Revolution Summarize What was mass production? Answer(s): a system of manufacturing large numbers of identical items