The Basics of Genetics…the passing of traits

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
2g. Know how to predict possible combinations of alleles in a zygote from the genetic makeup of the parents. 1.
Advertisements

Using a Punnett Square.
Genetics: Inheriting Traits. I. Inheriting Traits A. An organism characteristics is the collection of many traits inherited from its parent(s) 1. Heredity-
PROBABILITY & PUNNETT SQUARES It can be written as a: Fraction ____ Percent ____ ____________________ is the __________ that a particular _________________.
11-2 Probability and Punnett Squares
 Genetics Punnett Squares and Mendel. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Genes and Dominance Mendel’s F 1 Crosses on Pea Plants.
End Show Slide 1 of 21 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 11-2 Probability and Punnett Squares.
Genetics: The Science of Heredity
Using a Punnett Square.
Punnett Square Notes. Crossing Traits We use Punnett Squares to cross parents traits. This gives us a percentage to be able to determine an offspring’s.
Heredity: The study of genetics started with observations made by GREGOR MENDEL, a monk who noticed that pea plants passed certain traits from one generation.
Chapter 5. Mendel’s Work  Gregor Mendel’s work allowed us to understand why plants and animals are the way they are.  Hereditary is the passing of physical.
11-2 Probability and Punnett Squares
Genetics htm.
Predicting the Traits of Offspring By Reginald Punnett.
Genetics. Heredity Passing of genetic traits from parent to offspring Gregor Mendel discovered the principles of heredity while studying pea plants (“Father.
Mr. Altorfer Science Traits and Inheritance Pages 120 to 125.
Probability and Heredity. Probability Probability- in the number that describes how likely it is that an even will occur. The laws of probability predict.
Probability and Punnett Squares. Tossing Coins If you toss a coin, what is the probability of getting heads? Tails? If you toss a coin 10 times, how many.
What is Genetics? Genetics is the scientific study of heredity.
Punnett Square Notes By Ms. Duko.
INTRODUCTION TO GENETICS Chapter 10. Genetics Genetics: the study of heredity Heredity: the passing of characteristics from parents → offspring Characteristics.
Punnett Squares When we know information about the genetic makeup of two parents, we can predict the genetic makeup of any possible offspring created between.
 Probability can be used to predict the results of genetic crosses.  Probability- the likelihood that something is going to happen. In genetics expressed.
Genetics Notes. Gregor Mendel Father of genetics Pea pod experiments.
Probability and HeredityProbability and Heredity.
Mendel & Genetics. Gregor Mendel In the mid-nineteenth century, a priest named Gregor Mendel (who would later be considered the “Father of Genetics”)
Understanding Inheritance Essential Question: What determines the expression of a trait? How can inheritance be modeled?
POINT > Review some genetics vocabulary POINT > Define genotype and phenotype POINT > Define homozygous and heterozygous POINT > Use a Punnett Square.
All of these animals don’t look alike, but you recognize them as dogs. What do they have in common?
Warm Up Use the following terms to label each genotype- homozygous dominant, homozygous recessive, heterozygous, pure, hybrid 1.LL 2.Bb 3.Rr 4.Dd 5.mm.
Biology: More genetics
11-2 Probability and Punnett Squares
Punnett Squares.
BIOLOGY 12 Punnett Squares.
Objective: to be able to create punnett squares and predict probabilities of the outcome 11.2.
In humans, dimpled cheeks are a dominant trait, with a genotype of DD or Dd. Non-dimpled cheeks are a recessive trait with a genotype of dd. Imagine.
Probability and Punnett Squares
Predicting the Traits of Offspring
Predicting the Traits of Offspring
Pedigree Charts How to work Dominant and Recessive Genetic Problems with a Pedigree Chart.
Genetics Gregor Mendel *The father of genetics.
O T T F F S S E __ What comes next?.
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Genetics.
Sci9ence of Heredity Lessons 1 & 2
7.L.4A.3 Develop and use models (Punnett squares) to describe and predict patterns of the inheritance of single genetic traits from parent to offspring.
Probability & Heredity: Punnett Squares
Punnett Squares.
Genetics Crosses Ch. 9.2 (p )
Welcome back! We have a lot of work to do every day. Remember your materials and have them out at the beginning of class. Don’t wait for me to remind you!
Gene Symbols And Punnett Squares
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Genetics 4-3 Genetics Minute Video: 18 things you should know about yourself! Click the X.
Predicting the Traits of Offspring
Predicting the Traits of Offspring
11-2 Probability and Punnett Squares
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Probability & Punnett Squares
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Predicting genetic outcomes
Probability & Punnett Squares
Genetics and Probability
Punnett Squares.
Predicting the Traits of Offspring
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
O T T F F S S E __ What comes next?.
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Presentation transcript:

The Basics of Genetics…the passing of traits Our genes determine our traits or characteristics. Your genotype (Dd) or genetic makeup for a particular trait determines your phenotype (dimples) or physical appearance for that trait. Alleles are different forms that a gene may have for a single trait. For example, having dimples or not having dimples.

Alleles can be represented by letters Alleles can be represented by letters. You get one allele from each parent; that’s why there are 2 letters. Alleles can be dominant, represented by a capital letter or recessive, represented by a lowercase letter. Homozygous (pure) = 2 of the same alleles for a trait; for example: dd or DD Heterozygous (hybrid) = 2 different alleles for a trait; for example: Dd

Punnett squares and Pedigree Charts

Punnett squares A chart that shows the chances or probability of a particular trait being expressed in offspring. Each box of the Punnett square represents a 25% chance for that trait being expressed. Example: Cross Tt and tt T = dominant allele = tall T = recessive allele = short The Tt and tt along the top and sides of the Punnett square are the genotypes for the parents. The genotypes for the offspring are inside of the Punnett square.

Interpreting Punnett squares Remember that T is dominant over t, which is recessive. Parent 1’s genotype = tt; phenotype = short Parent 2’s genotype = Tt; phenotype = tall There is a 50% chance of producing short offspring = tt because there are 2 boxes with that trait. There is a 50% chance of producing tall offspring = Tt.

Pedigree Charts (also see Pedigree notes) There are four generations shown on this pedigree chart. Squares = males and circles = females; if the shape is totally shaded then he/she has the condition; if the shape is shaded ½ way then he/she is a carrier for that condition. Generation I parents had 2 boys and 3 girls of which only 1 has the condition.