Political Philosophers

The Enlightenment a cultural movement of intellectuals in 18th century Europe and the American colonies. Its purpose was to reform society using reason (rather than tradition, faith and revelation) and advance knowledge through science. It promoted science and intellectual interchange and opposed superstition, [1] intolerance and abuses by church and state. [1]

What were the thinkers of this period called? Philosophers

Why Philosophers? Economic changes Political changes Living conditions Corrupt monarchies

Thomas Hobbes Originated the Social Contract theory People have rights that they can voluntarily give to government in exchange for certain services.

John Locke Two Treatises on Government 1690

Influenced: Benjamin Franklin Thomas Jefferson James Madison John Locke

Natural Law provides right to –Life –Liberty –Property People “contract” among themselves to form governments to protect their natural rights. John Locke

If a government fails to protect the natural rights of the people, the people have the right to break the “contract” with the government. (i.e., change the government) Government is legitimate only as long as the people consent to it. John Locke

If a government fails to protect the natural rights of the people, the people have the right to break the “contract” with the government. (i.e., change the government) Government is legitimate only as long as the people consent to it. John Locke

Charles de Montesquieu People will abuse power if not “checked.” Separation of Power provides “checks and balances.” Executive Judicial Legislativ e