Primary aim: Understand how a political agent derives the right to make decisions about an ip. How industrial policy is legitimized in the EU

Legitimacy? “shared expectation among actors in an arrangement of asymmetric power such that the actions of those who rule are accepted voluntarily by those who are ruled because the latter are convinced that the actions of the former conform to pre-established norms” Two types of legitimacy input-based legitimacy deriving from the use of democratic institutions output-based legitimacy when users are satisfied and believe that production is run efficiently

The indirect model of EU legitimisation Incorporates various collectives in EU policy making: National governments (make use of the legitimating force of national identities according to input-based legitimisation) Involvement of organised non-governmental actors that are most affected by EU policies - Properties of the civil society and the way social affiliations forge links with political institutions

Method to analyse legitimacy of EU’s ip (regulation of intellectual property): Incorporates elements in the civil society (not regulated by states through law) Social structure of markets: Social relationships and networks that increase the economic value of transactions in markets Politics of individuals: Influence income from labour markets and from rights to the technology using power of independent and cooperative capital (social structures of markets). Independent capital: Serves the interests of a high degree of professionalism (influence wages from ordinary employment contracts) Cooperative capital: Employees accept employer’s authority because they have the same interest to protect technological knowledge and the competitive advantage of the employer

Bridging relationships Forge and sustain relationships with political institutions Require a governor at the EU level in charge of policies on intellectual property (the EU Commission) derives legitimacy from alliances with governmental and non-governmental actors (professional communities) and from sanctions of legal regulation (the EU court). Three types: 1) social structures of markets are involved in EU policy making, 2) side-payments compensate for reductions in autonomy and 3) EU policy-effects in one community depend on actions in another community.

Engineers’ perception of authority ”We” and ”them” ”We” Social security a national affair EU legitimacy: common norms for efficiency and fairness EU legitimacy: Security reasons National government legitimacy: Security reasons Perception of Political power Social security concern