Ultra-Large-Scale Systems Seven Years after the Study ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA HÀ NỘI TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC CÔNG NGHỆ Thầy giáo: PGS.TS Nguyễn Ngọc Bình Học viên thực hiện – Nhóm 11: 1. Nguyễn Xuân Hậu 2. Nguyễn Xuân Tùng 3. Hồ Văn Tuấn

Nội dung trình bày 1. Giới thiệu về các hệ thống siêu lớn (Ultra-Large-Scale Systems) 2. Các đặc tính của các hệ thống siêu lớn (Ultra-Large-Scale) 3. Những thách thức 4. Lĩnh vực nghiên cứu 5. Kết luận

Thế nào là một hệ thống siêu lớn (ULS)? A ULS System has unprecedented scale in some of these dimensions: ◦ lines of code ◦ amount of data stored, accessed, manipulated, and refined ◦ number of connections and interdependencies ◦ number of hardware elements ◦ number of computational elements ◦ number of system purposes and user perception of these purposes ◦ number of routine processes, interactions, and “emergent behaviors” ◦ number of (overlapping) policy domains and enforceable mechanisms ◦ number of people involved in some way ◦ ….. ULS systems are interdependent webs of software-reliant systems, people, policies, cultures, and economics.

Các đặc tính của các hệ thống siêu lớn (Ultra-Large-Scale) ◦ Decentralization ◦ Inherently conflicting, unknowable, and diverse requirements ◦ Heterogeneous, inconsistent, and changing elements ◦ Erosion of the people/system boundary ◦ Normal failures ◦ New paradigms for acquisition and policy

Decentralization Data Development Evolution Operational control Communication

Decentralized data

Decentralized development Linux – a Unix-Based operating system open source movement philosophy contribute to the open Apache — a leading server software and scripting language on the web source community by voluntarily writing and exchanging MySQL — a database management system programming code for software PHP — a widely used open source general- development. purpose scripting language Open Source Movement Programmer who support open source movement philosophy contribute to the open source community by voluntarily writing and exchanging programming code for software development

Decentralized communication Skype is the largest telephone company in the world but has almost no centralized infrastructure

Decentralized controller LARGE-SCALE SYSTEM Controller 1 Controller n u1u1 unun y1y1 ynyn... InputOutput

ULS systems will be developed and used by a wide variety of stakeholders with unavoidably different, conflicting, complex, and changing needs. Inherently conflicting, unknowable, and diverse requirements

3. Những thách thức ◦ Thiết kế và Tiến hóa ◦ Điều phối và kiểm soát ◦ Giám sát và đánh giá “There are challenges associated with ULS systems that today’s perspectives are very unlikely to be able to address.”

Thiết kế và Tiến hóa Kinh tế và cơ cấu ngành công nghiệp (industry structure) Hoạt động xã hội để xây dựng môi trường tính toán Vấn đề pháp lý (Legal issues) Enforcement mechanisms and processes Definition of common services supporting the ULS system Rules and regulations Agility Handling of change Integration User-controlled evolution Computer-supported evolution Adaptable structure Emergent quality

Điều phố và kiểm soát Online modification Maintenance of quality of service Creation and execution of policies and rules Adaptation to users and contexts Enabling of user-controlled orchestration

Giám sát và đánh giá Defining the indicators Understanding why indicators change Prioritizing the indicators Handling change and imperfect information Gauging the human elements

Research Portfolio Human Interaction Computational Emergence Design Computational Engineering Adaptive System Infrastructure Adaptable and Predictable System Quality Policy, Acquisition, and Management