Highlight: Headings Vocabulary Important Information Types of Tissues Highlight: Headings Vocabulary Important Information *

Terminology Tissues – group of cells that carry out specialized activities Histo = Tissue …ology = study of Pathologists – Study cells and tissue; diseased Patho = disease *

Four Main Types Epithelial Connective Muscle Nervous Body surfaces, hollow organs, glands Connective Binds organs together, energy reserves for fat Muscle Movement and force application Nervous Stimulates action potential to activate body functions *

Protection, Filtration, Secretion, Absorption, and Excretion 1. Epithelial Tissue Functions: Protection, Filtration, Secretion, Absorption, and Excretion Divisions: 1.Covering and Lining 2.Glandular Epithelium *

Tissue Arrangements Layer Arrangement Simple Stratified Pseudostratified Single Layer Two or More layers One layer of mixed cells Osmosis, Diffusion, Absorption, Secretion Protect underlying tissues In areas of wear and tear Mucus Secretion And Movement *

Cell Shapes Cell Shapes Squamous Cuboidal Columnar Transitional Flat Thick Cubed Tall, Cylindrical Varies *

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A. Simple Squamous Function: Filtration, diffusion, osmosis, and secretion in serous membranes Location: Kidneys Glomeruli (water, glucose, and wastes), Air Sac (Alveoli) of Lungs (Gas Exchange), Heart and Blood Vessels (Nutrients & Medicine) *

B. Simple Cuboidal Function: Secretion and Absorption Location: Kidney Tubules (Wastes), Ovary Surface (Ova) *

C1. Ciliated Simple Columnar Function: Moves fluids and particles along passageways Location: Found in respiratory tract (mucosal Movement), fallopian tubes (Ova movement), sinuses (Pathogen removal→ Runny Nose) Cilia *

C2. Non-Ciliated Columnar Function: Microvilli secretion and Absorption Location: GI tract lining (Absorption of nutrients and water) & Gallbladder (Secretion of Bile) *

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2. Complex Cell Arrangements: Stratified Epithelium *

A. Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium Functions: Mucus movement by cilia action Location: Found in upper respiratory tract and urethra, and gonads of males (Sperm maturation) *

B. Stratified Squamous Functions: Protection of superficial layers of skin; vagina, mouth, esophagus, tongue Location: Keratinized = Superficial Layers of Skin Non-Keratinized = Wet Surfaces (Mouth, Vagina, Tongue) *

C. Stratified Cuboidal Functions: Protection and limited secretion of sweat glands Location: Sudoriferous Glands (SWEAT) *

D. Transitional Epithelium Function: Accommodate Distension in the urinary tract and vaginal walls as fluid pressures vary. Stretched = Squamous Relaxed = Cuboidal   Location: Lining of the ureters, urethra, and bladder *

Binds organs together, energy reserves for fat 3. Connective Tissue Binds organs together, energy reserves for fat *

Skeletal Muscle Tissue Areolar Loose Con. Tissue Hyaline Cartilage Cardiac Muscle Skeletal Muscle Tissue Areolar Loose Con. Tissue Simple Cuboidal Epithelium Adipose Loose Con. Tissue Nervous Tissue Stratified Squamous Epithelium Smooth Muscle Tissue Bone Connective Tissue

Provides for support, Movement, Marrow (blood-forming) Bone Tissue Calcium Haversian Canal Compact vs. Spongy Provides for support, Movement, Marrow (blood-forming) *

Cartilage

Hyaline Cartilage Extremely strong, but very flexible and elastic Chondrocyte Ground Substance Lacuna Extremely strong, but very flexible and elastic Smooth surface for reduction of friction Movement of Joints, Flexibility Support (Trachea), Ossification of bones *

Fibrocartilage Extremely tough Acts as a shock absorber Ex: ball and socket joints, intervertebral disc, meniscus *

Elastic Cartilage Abundance of elastin for stretching capability Nose, Ears, epiglottis, larynx

Dense Fibrous Connective Tissue

Dense, Closely packed collagen fibers that provide high tensile strength Strong attachment for Tendons (Muscle to Bone), Ligaments (Bone to Bone) *

Loose Connective Tissue

Areolar Connective Tissue Fibroblasts Elastin Collagen Provides strength, elasticity, and support to subcutaneous layer and papilary regions of skin Consists of Collagen, Elastic, Reticular fibers *

Adipose Nucleus Fat Storage Blood Vessel Insulation Energy Reserves *

Adipose Fat (White): Used for insulation, energy reserve, fat storage

Adipose Fat (Brown): Generates body heat in newborns that do not shiver After infants grow up, most of the mitochondria (gives the brown color) disappears, becomes similar to white fat. Recent Research=brown fat is related not to white fat, but to skeletal muscle

Loose Conn. Tissue Reticular Cartilage Reticular – Form covering of many internal organs (Stroma)

Blood Clotting (platelets) Immunity (WBC’s) Nutrient delivery Oxygen Transport Clotting (platelets) Immunity (WBC’s) Nutrient delivery *

3. Muscle Tissue Movement and force application *

Cardiac Muscle Composes the heart wall Functions in pumping blood to all parts of the body Intercalated discs contain Gap Junctions (Communication) & Desmosomes (Anchor) *

Skeletal Muscle Tissue Attached to bones by tendons Functions in body movements, posture, thermogenesis Only Muscle tissue controlled voluntarily *

Smooth Muscle Tissue Forms walls of many internal organs ie: Stomach, GI tract, Uterus, Anus Functions in motion of internal organs *

4. Nervous Tissue

Axon Dendrite Nucleus Consists of Neuron and Neuroglia Neuron – Processes and transmits information through electrical and chemical signals (Sensory, Motor, Interneuron) Dendrites – Reacts to stimuli Axons – Conductor of impulse Axon Dendrite Nucleus *

Sad? Need a Tissue? *

Skeletal Muscle Tissue Areolar Loose Con. Tissue Hyaline Cartilage Cardiac Muscle Skeletal Muscle Tissue Areolar Loose Con. Tissue Simple Cuboidal Epithelium Adipose Loose Con. Tissue Nervous Tissue Stratified Squamous Epithelium Smooth Muscle Tissue Bone Connective Tissue

SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM SIMPLE SQUAMOUS SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM PSEUDO-STRATIFIED CILIATED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM DENSE REGULAR FIBROUS TISSUE (TENDON)