Bloomsbury Conference on E-Publishing, June 2007 Subscription and Open Access Business Models in Journals Publishing Martin Richardson Managing Director Oxford Journals

Bloomsbury Conference on E-Publishing, June 2007 Our experiments are designed to discover whether Open Access models can achieve wider dissemination than subscription models But in order to be successful any new business model will also need to be financially viable Experimenting with Business Models

Bloomsbury Conference on E-Publishing, June 2007 Small libraries Large libraries Our traditional core market Research Teaching TOTAL LIBRARY MARKET Subscriptions and Licencing The Market for Print Journals

Bloomsbury Conference on E-Publishing, June 2007 The Market for Print Journals Developing countries Developed countries Our traditional core market Academic Professional TOTAL LIBRARY MARKET Subscriptions and Licencing

Bloomsbury Conference on E-Publishing, June 2007 The channels Traditional journal subscription sales Online journal collection sales Individual article sales Licensing content to specialist aggregators Subscriptions and Licencing

Case Study: Nucleic Acids Research Volume 35 in issues/~1200 papers published per year 2006 impact factor of 6.3 Open access model introduced in 2005

Bloomsbury Conference on E-Publishing, June 2007 Case Study: Nucleic Acids Research

Bloomsbury Conference on E-Publishing, June 2007 Case Study: Nucleic Acids Research

Bloomsbury Conference on E-Publishing, June 2007 Subscriptions and Licencing Serial Costs in ARL Libraries

Bloomsbury Conference on E-Publishing, June 2007 Full open access – Nucleic Acids Research (since 2005) Optional open access – 60 journals (and counting) across a broad range of subjects Open Access Models

Bloomsbury Conference on E-Publishing, June 2007 NAR’s author open access charges Plus: Special rates/waivers (£0–420) for developing countries Author loyalty discount Waiver requests considered from those in financial hardship. No charge for commissioned Survey and Summary papers Editorial board members – free print or one free publication per year. YearNon-memberMember 2005£900 / $1500£300 / $ £1000 / $1900£500 / $ £1250 / $2370£625 / $1185

Bloomsbury Conference on E-Publishing, June 2007 NAR submission trends

Bloomsbury Conference on E-Publishing, June 2007 NAR actual open access charge payments Period% Authors requesting waiver % Paying appropriate charge % Accessing member form % Accessing non-member form 2005~8% (inc. 3% funded by JISC) 92%71%29% 20067%93%37%63% 2007 est. 7%93%17%83%

Bloomsbury Conference on E-Publishing, June 2007 Nucleic Acids Research income % 83% 7% 39% 7%8%9%

Bloomsbury Conference on E-Publishing, June 2007 Is OA financially viable?

Bloomsbury Conference on E-Publishing, June 2007 NAR: Daily article views for Does OA increase usage? Source: Ciber study, 2006

Bloomsbury Conference on E-Publishing, June 2007 Does OA increase usage NAR Monthly articles viewed by referrer Source: Ciber study, 2006 (unpublished)

Bloomsbury Conference on E-Publishing, June Journals participating across a broad range of subjects Author charges £800/£1500 depending on whether author based at subscribing institution Subscription prices to be adjusted in proportion to % of pages published OA in prior year Optional Open Access

Bloomsbury Conference on E-Publishing, June 2007 Are authors choosing to pay for open access? Oxford Open uptake 2006

Bloomsbury Conference on E-Publishing, June 2007 Optional open access – some issues Author charges are currently the same for all journals in Oxford Open – we will consider different rates to reflect uptake and the impact of OA on individual journal revenues Subscription prices – we are adjusting prices in 2008 to reflect uptake in Will we lose subscriptions? As yet it is to early to tell

Bloomsbury Conference on E-Publishing, June 2007  Link resides in IR rather than final PDF  Access to full-text according to usual policy of each journal  Allows continued and consistent collection and analysis of usage and citation data  It is clear to a casual reader which version of an article is the final and authoritative one  Less likely to cause subscription cancellation and undermine the revenue streams that fund the publication process, including peer-review Self-archiving: an alternative model

Author Journal OUP Journals Online OAI (Open Archives Initiative) harvesters & aggregators e.g. Oxford University Eprints I.R. Article Link to OUP for PDF full text delivery Metadata to Oxford Eprints OAI harvesters crawl and index OAI-compliant websites (Self-archiving) The OUP/Sherpa Project

Bloomsbury Conference on E-Publishing, June 2007 Source: PubMed Central 6 months delay No delay Case Study: Subject Repositories

Delayed Open Access: Why: The “Decay Curve” “Impacts of free access”. Nature, 5 April 2001 That was then…

Delayed Open Access: Why: The “Decay Curve” This is now…

Delayed Open Access: Why: The “Decay Curve” A literature journal…

Delayed Open Access: Why: The “Decay Curve” A maths journal…

Bloomsbury Conference on E-Publishing, June 2007 How will business models evolve? Key influences on the way our business will be conducted in the future :-  Technological developments (and constraints)  Politicians and law makers  Research funders  Library budgets

Bloomsbury Conference on E-Publishing, June 2007 Questions? Martin Richardson