PHYSICAL SCIENCE Chemistry & Physics

What is the difference between objects and materials? What is the difference between objects and materials?

Objects can be made from different kinds of materials. Objects can be made from different kinds of materials. A material is all one thing. A material is all one thing.

What are three properties of objects? What are three properties of objects?

1. Size 2. Shape 3. Weight

What are three properties of materials? What are three properties of materials?

1. Color 2. Texture 3. Hardness

What are the three basic states of matter? What are the three basic states of matter?

1. Solids 2. Liquids 3. Gases

What are the basic properties of solids, liquids and gases? What are the basic properties of solids, liquids and gases?

Solids: 1. Rigid particles have fixed shape & volume 2. Not easily compressible 3. Do not flow easily (particles can not move or slide past one another) Liquids: 1. Particles assume the shape of part of the container 2. Not easily compressible 3. Particles flow easily (can move or slide past one another)

Gases: 1. Particles assume the shape of the whole container they are in 2. Particles compress easily 3. Particles flow easily

How can water change from one state to another by adding or taking away heat? How can water change from one state to another by adding or taking away heat?

1. Adding heat (boiling) water changes it from a liquid to a gas (water vapor). 2. Taking away heat (freezing) water changes it from a gas to a solid (ice).

What are 5 basic forms of energy? What are 5 basic forms of energy?

1. Light 2. Heat 3. Sound 4. Electrical 5. Magnetic Let’s help students earn money!

What is energy? What is energy?

Energy is the ability to cause motion or create change. Energy is the ability to cause motion or create change.

How can energy be transferred from one form to another? How can energy be transferred from one form to another? Give an example. Give an example.

Light energy changes into food energy for the plant through the process of photo synthesis. Light energy changes into food energy for the plant through the process of photo synthesis. Electrical energy from lightening can be transferred from the bolt into a person’s body (often causing electrocution). Electrical energy from lightening can be transferred from the bolt into a person’s body (often causing electrocution).

What happens when electricity flows through an incomplete circuit (loop)? What happens when electricity flows through an incomplete circuit (loop)?

The circuit is broken so the current (energy) is not transferred. You will not produce light, sound or heat. The circuit is broken so the current (energy) is not transferred. You will not produce light, sound or heat.

What happens when electricity flows through a complete circuit (loop)? What happens when electricity flows through a complete circuit (loop)?

The electrical current (energy) is transferred and can produce light, heat and sound. The electrical current (energy) is transferred and can produce light, heat and sound.

What is the name for objects and materials that allow electricity to be carried by them? Give examples. What is the name for objects and materials that allow electricity to be carried by them? Give examples. What is the name for objects and materials that do not allow electricity to be carried by them? Give examples. What is the name for objects and materials that do not allow electricity to be carried by them? Give examples.

Conductors: copper, water Insulators: plastic, rubber

How can you make an electromagnet?

You can make an electromagnet using a battery, insulated wire and a large nail. Wrap the nail by coiling the middle of the wire around the nail. After peeling a bit of the plastic off each end of the wire, attach one end to the positive terminal (end) of the battery and the other to the negative terminal (end) of the battery. Test it by having the pointed end of the nail attract a steel paper clip. You can make an electromagnet using a battery, insulated wire and a large nail. Wrap the nail by coiling the middle of the wire around the nail. After peeling a bit of the plastic off each end of the wire, attach one end to the positive terminal (end) of the battery and the other to the negative terminal (end) of the battery. Test it by having the pointed end of the nail attract a steel paper clip.

Give examples of how you can use electromagnets. Give examples of how you can use electromagnets.

A tow truck uses electricity to attract cars to its arm. It makes a strong magnet that is temporary. It can be turned on and off so the arm can drop the car. A tow truck uses electricity to attract cars to its arm. It makes a strong magnet that is temporary. It can be turned on and off so the arm can drop the car.

What poles of a magnet attract to each other? What poles of a magnet attract to each other?

Opposite poles attract (North attracts South). Opposite poles attract (North attracts South).

What poles of a magnet repel? What poles of a magnet repel?

Same poles repel (North repels North; South repels South).

What are some objects and materials that a magnet will attract and not attract? What are some objects and materials that a magnet will attract and not attract?

A magnet attracts to: another magnet, iron, steel, pure cobalt and pure nickel as well as objects with iron in them. A magnet attracts to: another magnet, iron, steel, pure cobalt and pure nickel as well as objects with iron in them. A magnet does not attract to: wood, plastic, glass, cloth, paper, copper.

What two things are needed to create sound? What two things are needed to create sound?

1. Vibrating objects 2. A medium (matter or material) through which to travel

What affects the pitch of a sound? What affects the pitch of a sound?

The rate of vibration affects the pitch a sound makes. The rate of vibration affects the pitch a sound makes.

What makes the pitch of a sound be high? What makes the pitch of a sound be high?

A fast vibration rate makes the pitch high. A fast vibration rate makes the pitch high.

What makes the pitch of a sound be low? What makes the pitch of a sound be low?

A slow rate of vibration produces a low pitch. High pitches result from a fast rate of vibration. (Remember: Slow has low in it.)

How do light waves travel? How do light waves travel?

Light waves travel in straight lines. Light waves travel in straight lines.

What happens when light waves hit an object? What happens when light waves hit an object?

When light hits and object it gets blocked by the object. This causes the object to cast a shadow relative to the shape of the object and position of the light source. When light hits and object it gets blocked by the object. This causes the object to cast a shadow relative to the shape of the object and position of the light source. Remember the sun moving across the sky changes the shadow that is created, lengthening or shortening it. At noon, when the sun is directly above an object, no shadow is able to be seen. It’s underneath the object. Remember the sun moving across the sky changes the shadow that is created, lengthening or shortening it. At noon, when the sun is directly above an object, no shadow is able to be seen. It’s underneath the object.

What happens when light waves travel through one medium (matter or material) to another? What happens when light waves travel through one medium (matter or material) to another?

Light bends when it travels through one medium to another. Light bends when it travels through one medium to another. Remember when a spoon is in a glass of water, the light gets bent (refracted) and makes the spoon look broken. (refracted) and makes the spoon look broken.

What is reflection?

Reflection is the return of light waves from a surface. Shiny materials like silver, glass and water can cause reflection. Mirrors are silver and shiny so they will produce accurate reflections. Reflection is the return of light waves from a surface. Shiny materials like silver, glass and water can cause reflection. Mirrors are silver and shiny so they will produce accurate reflections.

What is refraction?

Light is refracted when its pathway is diverted after going through one medium (matter or material) to another. Light is refracted when its pathway is diverted after going through one medium (matter or material) to another.

When is light absorbed?

Light is absorbed when it hits an object or material and is received by it. Light is absorbed when it hits an object or material and is received by it. Remember: Light colors reflect light; dark colors absorb light. Remember: Light colors reflect light; dark colors absorb light.